Modeling and Box-Behnken Design Optimization for the Efficient Removal of Ibuprofen via Heterogeneous Fenton-Like Reactions Using a Fe3O4/HNTs as a Catalyst

A Fe3O4/HNTs composite was synthesized, characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and N2 adsorption-desorption, and was used for an ibuprofen adsorption and oxidation study. The response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken experimental designs were used. The effect of pH, contact time, IBU concentration, and Fe3O4/HNTs dosage on ibuprofen adsorption were evaluated. Additionally, adsorption isotherms and a kinetic study were performed. The effect of pH, H2O2 concentration, and Fe3O4/HNTs dosage for IBU oxidation were also studied. The results of ibuprofen adsorption on Fe3O4/HNTs indicate that adsorption was favored at acidic pH. The adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and a Freundlich isotherm. A 99.99% IBU oxidation and 99% mineralization were achieved at pH 7, Fe3O4/HNTs dosage of 1.5 g L-1, and 0.5 M H2O2. The Fe3O4/HNTs catalyst prepared in this study was efficient in removing aqueous ibuprofen through heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction.