Clinicopathological and Diagnostic Determinants of Surgical Approach in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Comparative Study of Breast-Conserving Surgery Versus Modified Radical Mastectomy from a Tertiary Center

Background/Objectives: The main objective of the study was to determine the frequency of patients who underwent breast conserving surgery (BCS) and those with modified radical mastectomy and to compare the clinical-paraclinical parameters between these groups. Methods: We conducted an observational, retrospective study, which included 101 patients diagnosed with breast cancer that had surgical interventions between January 2024 and April 2025. Results: The BCS category was represented by 36.6& cases, while 63.4% were in the mastectomy subgroup. Hemoglobin at the time of admission had an average of 13 g/dL, the difference between the 2 categories of patients being statistically significant. (13.7 vs 12.7, p=0.010). Conclusions: Although it has been a hotly debated topic in recent years, the choice of surgical technique for breast tumors still presents novelties and interest in surgical specialties. Selection criteria such as disease stage, histopathological subtype, and the intervention chosen by the surgeon may vary and oncological results may be comparable.