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Breaking The Vicious Circle: How Some Countries Unlocked Underdevelopment

Submitted:

29 December 2025

Posted:

30 December 2025

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Abstract
In most poor and developing countries, the authorities largely pursue different objectives, which naturally end up diverging in different directions. This divergence arises from the outset due to the inability of these same governments to effectively align these objectives with what they actually want in the short, medium and long term in particular. In this particular approach, I analyse some implications related to the objectives pursued by policy makers in most poor countries. Evidence shows that governments that pursue targeted objectives, such as those related to spending on education, research and development, have been the countries that have managed to break the vicious circles. On the other hand, other factors also contribute to this growth in particular. For example, countries that pursue a non-exclusive democracy aligned with the objectives of the majority tend to differ significantly from governments that pursue democracies aligned with the objectives of a small group. However, in some countries where democracies are in fact at the service of vicious circles, there tends to be strong resistance to how these vicious circles should be broken. democracies are at the service of vicious circles, they tend to show strong resistance to how they should break the vicious circles.
Keywords: 
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Subject: 
Social Sciences  -   Government
Copyright: This open access article is published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, which permit the free download, distribution, and reuse, provided that the author and preprint are cited in any reuse.
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