Submitted:
02 December 2025
Posted:
09 December 2025
You are already at the latest version
Abstract
Keywords:
1. Introduction
- Parameter redundancy (Standard Model + CDM requires 28 free parameters)
- Mathematical complexity (e.g., Calabi-Yau compactification in string theory)
- Disconnect between quantum gravity theories and observable predictions
2. Theoretical Framework
2.1. Origin of Xuan-Liang
2.2. Definition of Core Tensor
2.3. Dynamical Action Principle
2.4. Holographic Mapping via Boundary Term

2.5. Derivation of Unified Equation
2.6. Derivation from Action Principle
2.7. Conceptual Diagrams of Xuan-Liang Theory





2.8. Rigorous Proof of Holographic Duality in AdS/CFT Framework
3. Main Results
3.1. Topological Velocity Origin of Dark Matter


| Quantity | Observed | Xuan-Liang Prediction | Relative Error |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total mass () | 4.7% | ||
| Rotation curve slope (km/s/kpc) | 4.8% | ||
| Dark matter fraction | 2.4% |
3.2. Unification of Quantum Gravity

3.3. Emergence of General Relativity and Newtonian Gravity
4. Experimental Predictions
4.1. New Gravitational Wave Polarization Modes
| Mode | Frequency dependence | LISA detectability | Difference from GR |
|---|---|---|---|
| (scalar) | (2027) | Longitudinal polarization | |
| (hybrid) | (2030) | Mixed polarization |



4.2. Mathematical Origin of Polarization Modes
| Mode | Frequency dependence | LISA significance | Difference from GR |
|---|---|---|---|
| (scalar) | (2027) | Absent in GR | |
| (hybrid) | (2030) | Phase shift | |
| (tensor) | Detected | Consistent |
4.3. Proof of Positive-Definite Energy Flux
4.4. Cold-Atom Simulation Verification
| Superfluid 3He | Xuan-Liang parameter | Mapping relation | Scale factor |
|---|---|---|---|
| Velocity | m/s | ||
| Vortex density | ↔ | ||
| Gap amplitude | 1 meV ↔ | ||
| Flux quantum | Flux quantum n | ||
| Temperature T | Cosmic time t | 1 mK ↔ yr |
5. Conclusion
- Geometric-topological representation of matter
- Holographic observable mapping
- Natural reduction to GR and Newtonian gravity
Acknowledgments
References
- Benrong, Mu. Some Issues in Effective Theory of Quantum Gravity. PhD thesis, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Bin, Chen. Achievements and challenges of string theory. Science World 2022, (10), 1–1. [Google Scholar]
- Jimin, Zhang. Book review: “the puzzle of physics”. Chinese Physics Review 2025, 3(1), 3. [Google Scholar]
- Luohan, Zhang; Shihan, Zhang. A new interpretation of dark matter and dark energy. Business 2.0 (Economics and Management) 2020, (5), 210–210. [Google Scholar]
- Zhiyuan, Shen. The string–loop debate: Elementary particle physics enters a warring states period. Science 2007, (3), 46–49. [Google Scholar]
- Zhonghua, Luo. On the Thermodynamics of Black Holes. PhD thesis, China West Normal University, 2020. [Google Scholar]
| Quantity | Core Formula | Dimension | Geometric Level | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mass | m | Zeroth-order tensor (scalar), point-like | Characterizes static property of matter | |
| Momentum | First-order tensor (vector), line-like | Describes directional intensity of motion | ||
| Energy | Quadratic extension of scalar, surface-like | Bilinear form in velocity space, metric on 2D manifold | ||
| Xuan-Liang | Third-order tensor or higher form, volume-like | Maps to triple integral in velocity space: |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).