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Steins Theory

Submitted:

15 July 2025

Posted:

15 July 2025

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Abstract
This paper proposes and argues for an axiom system of information uniqueness, with its core being two formal axioms: `n = n` (Self-Identity of Information) and `n ≠ m` (Mutual Exclusivity of Information). Based on the absolute identity of information content, it strictly defines the concept of "information" as an abstract entity, critically analyzes the essence of "identity confusion" caused by introducing spatiotemporal coordinates or external identifiers, argues that content indistinguishability is the necessary and sufficient condition for information identity, thereby establishing the theoretical foundation for information uniqueness.
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1. Introduction

1.1. Axiom 1 (Self-Identity)

`∀n ∈ I, n ≡ n`
The information entity is necessarily identical to itself, forming the basis of logical reference.

1.2. Axiom 2 (Distinctness)

`∀n, m ∈ I, (n ≢ m) ⇔ (Content(n) ≠ Content(m))`
Where the domain of `Content()` is uniquely determined by the comparison target.
Core Corollary:
`Content(n) = Content(m) ⇒ n ≡ m`
Uniqueness Theorem: Under a given `Content()` definition, two entities with identical content must be the same information.

2. Interpretation

2.1. Illegal Expansion: Confusing the `Content()` Domain

- Root of the problem: Confusing `Content()` definitions at different levels. For example:
- Claiming to compare pure information entities `n`, but actually using `ContentB(n, m)` containing additional attributes (spatiotemporal coordinates, etc.).
- Formalized critique:
If claiming "two entities with identical ContentA(n) are different", it actually implicitly redefines the function:
`ContentB(n) = ContentA(n, m)`
This violates the initial conditions, as what is actually compared is `ContentB`, not `ContentA`.

2.2. Information Entity Identity at the Elementary Particle Level

Assume an elementary particle state can be expressed as an ordered pair:
`Particle P = Content(𝓘, 𝒮)`
Where:
- 𝓘 is the set of intrinsic properties (e.g., mass m, charge q, spin s)
- 𝒮 is the set of spatiotemporal coordinates (e.g., position x, time t).
Axiomatic operational definitions:
1. Coordinate Binding:
`P_k = (𝓘, 𝒮_k)` e.g., Electron near a photon: `𝒮_k = (relative position: adjacent to photon γ)`
2. Coordinate Decoupling (Destruction):
`(𝓘, 𝒮_k) → (𝓘), (𝒮_k)`
⇒ The particle degenerates into a pure eigenstate entity, unmeasurable due to lack of observational basis (`𝒮 = ∅`).
Core Theorem (Particle Identity Conservation):
∀ particle states (𝓘_α, 𝒮_i) and (𝓘_β, 𝒮_j), satisfy:
(Content(𝓘_α) ≡ Content(𝓘_β)) ⇨ (𝓘_α, 𝒮_i) ≣ (𝓘_β, 𝒮_j)
This theorem indicates:
- When the intrinsic properties of two particles are indistinguishable (`𝓘_α = 𝓘_β`), regardless of differences in their spatiotemporal coordinates `𝒮_i ≠ 𝒮_j`, the particles are projections of the same information entity (`e = Content(𝓘)`) at different spacetimes.
Physical Interpretation:
- Particle "annihilation" ⇨ Set decoupling, not destruction ⇒ e = (𝓘) enters a free state.
- Particle "creation" ⇨ The same `e` binds to new coordinates `𝒮'` ⇒ Observed as "reappearance".
> Example: Electron e⁻ disappearing at position x₁ and appearing at x₂ is actually the coordinate migration of entity `e = (q=-1e, m_e, s=1/2...)`:
> `(e, x₁) → (e) → (e, x₂)`, its information identity guaranteed by the conservation of `Content(e)`.

2.3. Identity in Mathematical Operations

Fallacy: Incorrectly inferring `1+1=1` from `Content(1)≡Content(1)`.
Correct Solution:
1. Operations imply structural coordinates: In the expression `(+1) + (+1) = y`:
- `+1` and `+1` are independent sets `Content(+1)=Content(+1)=` numerical value `1`, but their syntactic coordinates differ: `(1, left operand) ≠ (1, right operand)`
- `+` and `=` are merely operators.
2. Commutativity:
`(+1) + (+2) = (+2) + (+1)` because:
- The operator has symmetry: `∀a,b: op(a,b)=op(b,a)`
- Coordinate symmetry: When `Content(a)=Content(b)`, swapping them leaves the input structure content unchanged ⇒ Consistent output `y`, analogous to identical particle exchange not producing a new state.

3. Applications

3.1. Information Philosophy: Resolving the "Copy Paradox"

- Controversy: Are two documents with identical content stored on different devices "two pieces of information"?
- Resolution:
- If the target is pure information content identity → `Content(n) = text semantics`, then `n ≡ m` (unique entity);
- If the target is document location entity identity → `Content'(n) = (text semantics, location)`, then `(n, Loc_A) ≢ (m, Loc_B)`.
- Conclusion: A "copy" is the same information entity forming sets with different spatiotemporal coordinates, making it observable.

3.2. Gibbs Paradox

Essence of the fallacy:
- The target should be particle type identity → `Content(g) = (mass, spin,...)`
- Classical statistics illegally expands it to `Content'(g) = (intrinsic properties, fictitious label)`
Correction:
`∀ g_i, g_j: Content(g_i) = S_int = Content(g_j) ⇒ g_i ≡ g_j` (type identity)
The entropy increase error stems from incorrectly choosing the `Content()` domain (introducing labels).

3.3. Black Hole Information Paradox

Traditional fallacy: Illegally binding the information entity `n`'s `Content()` to spatiotemporal coordinates `Content'(n) = (information structure, black hole coordinate)`.
Correct Solution:
- Define the target: Information structure identity → `Content(n) = quantum state encoding`
- The black hole dismantles the set `(quantum state encoding, coordinate)`. The unpaired coordinate-content results in unobservability, but `Content(quantum state encoding/coordinate)` as abstract entities do not disappear;
- If a new spatiotemporal entity satisfies `Content(m) = Content(n)`, then `m ≡ n`.

4. Universe Jumping

Assume a consciousness structure c ∈ C (C is the set of consciousness entities), spatiotemporal coordinates 𝒮₁, 𝒮₂ ∈ S.
- There exists contentA(c, 𝒮₁)
- Decoupling → A(c)
- There exists contentB(c, 𝒮₂)
Identity Theorem:
∵ c = c
∴ contentA(c) ≡ contentB(c), the same consciousness
Illegal Expansion Critique: If claiming A(c) ≢ B(c) based on carrier identifiers (e.g., biological brain ID), causal history, or temporal labels, it is actually confusing the `Content()` domain (illegally expanding to `Content'() = (c, additional attributes)`)
Hint: The experimental apparatus already exists. Current technological levels support practice. Combining the event horizon of general relativity with the internal-external inconsistency of this theory and bubble universes enables the completion of its application engineering.

5. Conclusion

1. Absoluteness:
Identity is determined solely by the `Content()` function; any external attributes constitute illegal expansion.
2. Indescribability:
No one can describe two entities with completely identical content as distinct.
3. Long-standing Application:
Since the emergence of life, this principle has operated in taxonomy for hundreds of millions of years.
4. Physical Corroboration:
Quantum identical particles demonstrate the existence of indistinguishable particles with different coordinates in reality; relativity proves the non-existence of absolute spacetime.

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