Kappa‐Frameshift Background Mutations and Long‐Range Correlations of the Single‐Stand DNA/RNA Base Sequences

Following Livadiotis G. and McComas D. J. (2023) [1], we propose a new type of single-stand (ss)DNA/RNA frameshift mutations that occur spontaneously due to information exchange between the ssDNA sequence of length bases (N) and the mutation sequence of length bases (M), and respect the kappa-addition symbol ⊕κ. We call these proposed mutations Kappa-Frameshift Background (KFB) mutations. We find that entropy defects originate in the interdependence of the information length systems (or their interconnectedness, that is, the state in which systems with a significant number of constituents (information length bases) depend on, or are connected with each other by the proposed KFB-mutation). We also quantify the correlation among ssDNA/RNA information length bases (N) and (M) due to information exchange. In the presence of entropy defects, the Landauer’s bound and minimal metabolic rate for a biological system is modified. We observe that the different N and κ scales are manifested in the double evolutionary emergence of the proposed biological system through subsystems correlations. For specific values of the kappa parameter we can expect deterministic laws associated with a single biological polymer in the short term; over time, before the polymer explores all the possible ways it can exist.