Purity determination of precious metal is very crucial due to the economic value and hence metals like gold used for making jewelry must reflect the true value. Quantitative determination of jewelry is very important to ensure product integrity and consumer protection. The aim of the current study is to assess and compare the performance of EDXRF technique in the quality determination of gold jewelry. A total of 119 jewelry items containing gold of varying purity were assessed in the study and compared with fire assay. In conclusion, EDXRF technique appears to be a comparable alternative for rapid determination of elemental composition of gold in alloys especially for finished and semifinished ornaments. Further refinements in analytical accuracy may even replace destructive methods in practice.