Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a vital agro-industrial crop, significantly contributing to the economy of many tropical and subtropical regions, including India. The country is one of the largest producers of sugarcane, with Uttar Pradesh leading as a prominent state in terms of sugarcane cultivation. Sugarcane is not only a primary source of sugar but also a renewable source of bioenergy, ethanol, and other industrial products. However, the productivity of sugarcane varies widely, with some fields demonstrating exceptionally high yields, while others yield poorly, despite being subjected to similar agronomic practices. One of the key factors contributing to this yield disparity, which has gained attention in recent years, is the rhizospheric microbiome. The rhizosphere, the narrow region of soil influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms, plays a crucial role in plant growth and development. This study investigates the composition of rhizosphere microbiota in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. By analysing the microbial communities associated with sugarcane rhizosphere, we aim to explain the interactions between plants and their microbial partners that contribute to growth and development. According to our findings, the microbial population is dominated and diversified, with bacterial phyla like Pseudomonadota, Bacillota, Bacteroidota, Candidatus, Saccharibacteria, Actinomycetota, Myxococcota, Acidobacteriota, and Planctomycetota predominating. Furthermore, we demonstrate that specific microbial taxa are consistently associated with high and low yielding sugarcane, suggesting their potential as bioindicators for crop health and productivity. This study highlights the significance of rhizosphere bacteria in the context of sustainable sugarcane farming. In order to increase sugarcane resilience and yield, this study lays the groundwork for future investigations into the advantageous characteristics of rhizosphere bacteria.