Study of the Properties of Ethylene-Propylene Copolymers and Polymers with Functional Groups of a Mixture

Kerem seyfi Shixaliyev; Fariz ali Emirli

doi:10.20944/preprints202408.0492.v1

Submitted:

06 August 2024

Posted:

07 August 2024

You are already at the latest version

Abstract

In this work, the properties of a composition based on synthetic rubber ethylene-propylene ter-polymer and polymers with functional groups of the mixture are studied. Low efficiency of some compositions based on ethylene and propylene copolymer limits their use in the production of tires and rubber products. Therefore, we conducted a study to improve the disadvantages of SREPT-60 using butyl rubber + choro polyisoprene + butadiene-nitrile + butadiene styrene rubber and adding a plasticizer to the composition = α, methacrylate-(bis-diethylene glycol phthalate) -(btegf-9) The data obtained showed that a number of its indicators of rubber based on them were improved. Tear resistance, resistance to repeated stretching increased, adhesion of the composition to metal, chemical resistance increased, the degree of swelling in benzene and gasoline-benzene mixture decreased. Compositions based on the mixture SREPT-60 using butyl rubber + choro polyisoprene + butadiene-nitrile + butadiene styrene rubber and adding a plasticizer to the composition = α, methacrylate-(bis-diethylene glycol phthalate) -(btegf-9) +Dioctyl phthalate: (70:20:10) have high resistance to swelling in an aggressive environment (Benzene, gasoline, alcohol, acid, oil, etc.) mixture.

Keywords:

SREPT-60

;

butyl rubber (BR)

;

choro polyisoprene (Chip)

;

butadiene-nitrile rubber (BNR)

;

butadiene-styrene rubber (BSR)

;

contains plasticizer

;

α

;

methacrylate-(bis-diethylene glycol phthalate)-BTFP-9)

;

Vulcanization

;

modification

;

rheology

Subject:

Chemistry and Materials Science - Analytical Chemistry

Introduction

Preparation of BTFR-based nanocomposites.

Several authors [1,2,3,4] used laboratory rubber mixers as the research methodology [5,6,7,8] to prepare nanocomposites. First, BTFR BSK was plasticized in Banbury for 2 minutes to obtain rubber nanocomposites. In this work, a mill was used, which is used to obtain nanoparticles Then, the nanofiller selected in 1, 3, or 5 parts per hour was added to the plasticized BTFR and mixed in the same mixer for 1 minute. This compound was mixed with ZnO as an activator and SC as a lubricant for 0.5 minutes. Then, the stabilizers (TMQ, IPPD, and ozone wax) were combined for another 0.5 minutes [9,10,11,12,13,14] The rubber nanocomposites were kept in an oven with air circulation for 70 hours at a temperature of 70 ° C to study the effect of thermal aging [14,15,16,17,18].

Modification of Butadiene terephthalate rubber with functional groups [19,20,21,22,23,24,25].

Manufacturers of general-purpose synthetic rubbers have devoted considerable effort to equipping such rubbers with chemically functional groups along the polymer backbone. The goals have ranged from improving green strength and tack to creating sites for new forms of crosslinking, grafting, antioxidant activity, and even pharmacological properties. The usual route to such functionalisms is to incorporate small amounts of the monomer carrying the desired group during polymerization. However, polymerization with different functional groups would be expensive, so only a cheap reagent must be used to macro modify elastomers with entirely new physical properties. If we use these polymers outdoors, then the rubber needs to be protected from sunlight, and most types of these polymers have flammable properties [5], although additives can reduce both the modification and the flammability properties [26,27,28,29,30]. used for casings in construction, as connectors in automotive manufacturing, and household applications, such as shower heads or irons. It is also found incorporated into toothbrush fibers and false eyelashes and is used in the keycaps of some high-end computer keyboards [31,32,33,34,35,36]

Yarn can also be made from PBT. It has a similar natural elongation and can be incorporated into sportswear, meaning that PBT is at the forefront of materials used in the production of swimwear in chlorinated waters. In addition, recent studies have shown that BTFR [37,38,39,40,41,42] is more durable than PET-based fabrics. had superior characteristics [42,43,44,45,46,47,48].

Method

For the modification of the Butadiene terephthalate rubber, we used astragalus for the first time. It looks like this:

The astragalus grown in the Nakhchivan region of the Republic of Azerbaijan was collected from the seeds collected from the upper and middle mountainous areas, mainly around the villages of Kalaki and Dirnis.

Astragalus (in Azerbaijan it is called Gavan) is a perennial herb 15-35 cm high, stem 4-20 cm long, elongated and erect or erect, reddish. Except for the inner side of the crown, all parts of the plant are covered with whitish or yellowish hairs. The color of the stems is brown-gray, the leaves are gray-green, and the flowers are yellow. It is a deciduous shrub, 20 cm high, with dense branches forming a cushion, prickly leaves, all parts covered with thin, weak hairs. The leaves are 8–12 mm long, feather-shaped, contiguous to half of the stem, linear-lanceolate. The leaves are 6-9 pairs, elliptic or oblong-ovate, 10 mm long, with sharp tips. It is bare above, sparsely or densely hairy below. The flowers form 2-3 short clusters in the axils of the leaves. Inflorescences are flat sepal-shaped and up to 13 mm long. The calyx is 10–16 mm long, tubular, thick, short, white hairy. The teeth are serrated and greenish. Its crown is up to 13 mm long. The sail is 7-8 mm wide and oblong-elliptical. The boat is shorter than the wing. Females are elongated, downy hairy, up to 16 mm long, and the stem is bare columnar. Beans are sessile, oblong, sharp, silky white hairy, single-celled, manyseeded. It blooms in June-July.

When the composition of Astragalus used in the research is analyzed, its chemical composition is Selenium 1.5mg%. There are macro and microelements (calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, cobalt, zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum, chromium).

Results and Discussions Results of Experemental Research

Study of Rheological Properties

: The volume consumption of the mixture and the dependences of the displacement rates of the binary mixtures on the stress (logo) was carried out in the ITER-4 device at temperatures of 100ºC, 130ºC, 150ºC, and 170ºC

: 100°C, 130°C, 150°C and 170°C studies were conducted to determine the flow index of the alloy of the obtained composition, and the results were calculated as follows

1 Cargo

P1=

\frac{11.75}{0.7144}

=16.44 kg sec²

P2=

\frac{20.85}{0.7144}

=29.18

P3=

\frac{27.75}{0.7144}

38.84

P4=

\frac{35.75}{0,7144}

=49.34

τ = \frac{P δ}{π}

=

\frac{P 0.05}{2.08}

=

\frac{P 0.05}{1.6}

τ

1

= \frac{16.44 0.05}{1.6}

=0.5137*9.80610⁴=5.037342 10⁴ log4.70Pa

τ

2=

\frac{29.18 0.05}{1.6}

=0.9118*9.806*10⁴=8.9411108 10⁴log4.95Pa

τ

3=

\frac{38.84 0.005}{1.6}

=1.2137*9.806*10⁴=11.901542*10⁴log5.08Pa

τ

4=

\frac{49.34 0.05}{1.6}

=1.5418*9.806*10⁴=15.11889*10⁴log5.18Pa

Q=

\frac{s}{t}

\frac{π p 3}{4}

=

\frac{0.02}{t}

\frac{3.14 (0.954) 2}{4}

=

\frac{0.014288}{t}

100

°

1 Cargo

Q1=

\frac{0.014288}{118.67}

=0.000120 0.1210

Q2=

\frac{0.014288}{71.55}

=0.000019969 0.19

2 Cargo

Q1=

\frac{0.014288}{36.85}

=0.00038773 0.387

Q2=

\frac{0.014288}{19.67}

=0.00072638 0.7263

3 Cargo

Q1=

\frac{0.014288}{18.26}

=0.00078247 0.7824

Q2=

\frac{0.014288}{11.34}

=0.0001259964 1.259

4 Cargo

Q1=

\frac{0.014288}{12.45}

0.00114763 1.1476

Q2=

\frac{0.014288}{8.04}

=0.00177711 1.772

130

°

C

1 Cargo

Q1=

\frac{0.014288}{60.27}

=0.0000237066 0.237

Q2=

\frac{0.014288}{26.2}

=0.000545345 0.545

2 Cargo

Q1=

\frac{0.014288}{18.34}

=0.000077906 0.779

Q2=

\frac{0.014288}{8.19}

=0.00174456 1.744

3 Cargo

Q1=

\frac{0.014288}{10.29}

=0.00138853 1.3885

Q2=

\frac{0.14288}{4.73}

=0.003020718 3.0207

4 Cargo Q1=

\frac{0.014288}{6.31}

=0.00226434 2.264

Q2=

\frac{0.014288}{3.15}

=0.00453587 4.5358

150

°

C

1 Cargo

Q1=

\frac{0.014288}{26.48} =

0.00053957 0.5395

Q2=

\frac{0.014288}{14.83}

=0.00096345 0.9634

2 Cargo

Q1=

\frac{0.14288}{7.27}

=0.00196534 1.965

Q2=

\frac{0.014288}{4.89}

=0.00292188 2.9218

3 Cargo

Q1=

\frac{0.014288}{3.99}

=0.00358095 3.5809

Q2=

\frac{0.014288}{2.43}

=0.00587983 5.8798

4 Cargo

Q1=

\frac{0.014288}{2.92}

=0.00509589 5.095

Q2=

\frac{0.014288}{156}

=0.00915897 9.158

170

°

C

1 Cargo

Q1=

\frac{0.014288}{15.46}

=0.00092419 0.924

Q2=

\frac{0.014288}{8.48}

=0.000168491 1.6849

2 Cargo

Q1=

\frac{0.014288}{4.71}

0.00303354 3.0335

Q2

\frac{0.014288}{2.33}

=0.00613218 6.1321

3 Cargo

Q1=

\frac{0.014288}{2.79}

=0.00512115 5.12115

Q2=

\frac{0.014288}{1.42}

=0.0100619 10.0619

4 Cargo

Q1=

\frac{0.014288}{2.0}

=0.007144 7.114

Q22=

\frac{0.014288}{0.79}

=0.0180861 18.0861

The dependences of displacement rates of binary mixtures on stress (logo) were performed at temperatures of 100ºC, 130ºC, 150ºC and 170ºC:

100º C

γ = \frac{Q}{π δ 3}

=

\frac{Q}{0.0003925}

1

γ = \frac{0.000120}{0.0003925}

=0.30573248^log-0.5146

γ

2=

\frac{0.00019969}{0.0003925}

=0.5087643^-0.2935

2

γ

1=

\frac{0.00038773}{0.0003925}

=0.98784713^-0.00531

γ

2=

\frac{0.00072638}{0.0003925}

=1.85064968^0.2673

3

γ

1=

\frac{0.00078247}{0.0003925}

=1.9935541^0.2996

γ

2=

\frac{0.001259964}{0.0003925}

=.3.21009936^0.5065

4

γ

1=

\frac{0.00114763}{0.0003925}

=2.9238981^0.4659

γ

2=

\frac{0.00177711}{0.0003925}

=4.52766^0.6559

130

℃

1

γ

1

= \frac{0.000237066}{0.0003925}

=0.6039898^0.2189

γ

2=

\frac{0.000545345}{0.0003925}

=1.389414^0.1428

2

γ

1=

\frac{0.00077906}{0.0003925}

=1.9848662^0.2977

γ

2=

\frac{0.00174456}{0.0003925}

=4.444738^0.6478

3

γ

1=

\frac{0.00138853}{0.0003925}

=3.537656^0.54878

γ

2=

\frac{0.003020718}{0.0003925}

7.690968^0.8863

4

γ

1=

\frac{0.00226434}{0.0003925}

=5.7690191^0.7611

γ

2=

\frac{0.00453587}{0.0003925}

=11.55356^1.0628

150

℃

1

γ

1=

\frac{0.00053957}{0.000325}

=1.3747006^0.1382

γ

2=

\frac{0.00096345}{0.0003925}

=2.454649^0.3899

2

γ

1=

\frac{0.00196534}{0.0003925}

=5.007236^0.6996

γ

2=

\frac{0.00292188}{0.0003925}

=7.4364^0.8714

3

γ

1=

\frac{0.000358095}{0.0003925}

=9.123439^0.9602

γ

2=

\frac{0.000587983}{0.0003925}

=14.980458^1.1755

4

γ

1=

\frac{0.00509589}{0.0003925}

=12.983159^1.1134

γ

2=

\frac{0.009155897}{0.0003925}

=23.334955^1.3680

170

℃

1 Cargo

γ

1=

\frac{0.00092419}{0.0003925}

=2.3546242^0.3719

γ

2=

\frac{0.00168491}{00003925}

=4.29276433^0.6327

Cargo 2

γ

1=

\frac{0.00303354}{0.0003925}

=7.72876433^0.8881

γ

2=

\frac{0.00613218}{0.0003925}

=15.623388^1.1938

Cargo 3

γ

1=

\frac{0.00512115}{0.0003925}

=13.047515^1.1155

γ

2=

\frac{0.0100619}{0.0003925}

=25.635414^1.4088

Cargo 4

γ

1=

\frac{0.007144}{0.0003925}

=18.201273¹²⁶⁰¹

γ

2=

\frac{0.0180861}{0.0003925}

=46.079235^1.6635

As a result of the analysis, it was determined that astragalus is compatible with butadiene terephthalate and can form a composition with it in different proportions. However, it was determined that the best result is obtained when the astragalus component in the composition is 10 parts by mass. Considering all this, we aim to improve the physical and mechanical properties of polybutadiene terephthalate. We took the amount of astragalius as 10 parts by mass. The indicators obtained as a result of the report are shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6 and Figure 7

2. content compatibility

Rubber Mixture Based on BTFR and Astragalus

Based on BTFR and astragalus, using the flow index of mixtures, we adopt the optimal recipe shown in Table 1

Based on this recipe, after preparing a rubber mixture for 12 minutes in a laboratory roller at a temperature of 90 ^oC and vulcanizing it in a vulcanization press at a temperature of 155^oC for 25 minutes, the physical and mechanical properties of the vulcanizate obtained were determined and the results are given in Table 2

The presence of functional groups formed by using astragals in the polymer can be clearly seen in Figure 9, which is confirmed by IKS-analysis. so it can be safely said that some of the properties of this polymer can be eliminated by modifying it with astragals.

In order to satisfy the chemical stability of the obtained polymer astragalus composition vulcanizate in aggressive environments, we determined the physical and mechanical properties of the vulcanizates by vulcanizing the rubber mixture we prepared in the laboratory at a temperature of 155°C for 15 minutes in accordance with the recipes we accepted (Table 3).

Results

1. By modifying polybutadiene terephthalate with astragalus, it was determined how the modification process affects its mechanical properties.

3. The ozone resistance of the received resins showed that they are chemically very stable. Taking this into account, the offered rubbers can be used in the preparation of products that are resistant to ozone, oil, and gasoline and can work in aggressive environments.

4. As a result of scientific research, it has been proven that resins based on polybutadiene terephthalate and astragalus nanomaterial can be a special-purpose product. These rubbers can work in a wide range of temperatures and different climates. Ours is a Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) based rubber that can be used for general-purpose optical cable.

5. The proposed composition allows to significantly increase the strength of the connection of rubber with metals (steel-3, brass), to increase the resistance to gasoline and to improve the tensile strength index.

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Figure 1. Dependence of volume consumption of BTFR and BTFR + astragalus binary mixtures at 100º C on the amount of astragalus in the mixture.

Figure 2. Dependence of the volume consumption of BTFR and BTFR + astragalus binary mixtures at a temperature of 130º C on the amount of astragalus in the mixture.

Figure 3. Stress (logo) dependences of displacement rates of BTFR and BTFR +astragals binary mixtures at 100º C temperature.

Figure 4. Stress (logo) dependences of displacement rates of BTFR and BTFR +astragals binary mixtures at 130º C temperature.

Figure 5. Dependences of strain (logo) displacement rates of binary mixtures of BTFR and BTFR + astragalus at a temperature of 150º C.

Figure 6. 170º Dependences of strain (logo) displacement rates of binary mixtures of BTFR and BTFR + astragalus at a temperature of 150º C.

Figure 7. The result of x-ray analysis of polymer with astragaus.

Table 1. A rubber mixture made based on polybutylene terephthalate.

RECIPE
Main components	Standard resin mixture prepared based on polybutylene terephthalate (100 parts by mass, part by mass according to rubber)	The rubber mixture prepared based on polybutylene terephthalate modified with nanomaterials (100 parts by mass, part by mass by rubber)
Polietilen tereftalat	100	90
tree resin	-	2.5
Astragalus	-	10
Petroleum bitumen	5.0	5.0
Zinc oxide	3.0	3.0
Stearic acid	2.0	2.0
Sulphur	2.0	2.0
Tiuram	1.5	1.5
Sulfenamide	1.0	1.0
Neazon-D Technical carbon H330	3.0 30	3.0 30

Table 2. Physico-mechanical parameters of vulcanizate based on PBT.

The main indicators of vulcanization	Death limit	Requirements of the standard	The result obtained in practice
Relative elongation	%	300	500
Relative residual deformation	%	3,9	2,9
Elasticity (Bending Modulus)	GPa	3	4
Hardness Rockwell M	GPa	70	90
Hardness Area D	GPa	90	95
Stiffness (bending modulus)	GPa	3	4
Ultimate breaking strength	MPa	40	50
Durability (At Room Temp Notched Izod Effect)	J/m	29	45
Low Temperature Hardness	J/m	45	87
Yung’s Modulus	GPa	2	3
Electrical property	Electrical property of vulcanizate	Electrical property of vulcanizate	Electrical property of vulcanizate
Arc Resistance	sec	123	180
Dielectric constant		2.9	4
Dielectric Strength	kV/mm	23	31
Dissipation factor	10-200 x 10 ^-4	10-200 x 10 ^-4	10-200 x 10 ^-4
Volume resistance	Ohm.sm	15 x 10 ¹⁵	18 x 10 ¹⁵
Shrinkage	%	0,6	2,1
Water absorption 24 hours	%	0,11	0,24
Density	q/sm ³	1,3	1,39
Glass transition temperature	°C	55	64
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion	°C	6 x 10 ^-5	10 x 10 ^-5
Thermal conductivity	Vt/mK	0,21	0,27
Resistance to fire (LOI)	%	20	23
Learning class		HB
Brittle transition temperature	°C	-32	-39
HDT @0.46 MPa (67 psi)	°C	123	148
HDT @1.8 MPa (264 psi)	°C	50	85
Maximum Continuous Service	°C	90	141
Minimum Operating Temperature	°C	-34	-40

Table 3. Physico-mechanical indicators of vulcanizates of rubber mixtures.

No	Name of key indicators	Key indicators
1		Requirements of the standard			Results from the experiment
1		1	2	3	4	5	6
	Dartilmada şərti möhkəmlik, MPa	17	16,7	16,6	18.1	18,9	17,9
2	Relative elongation, %	320	330	300	360	380	395
3	Relative residual deformation,%	12	14	12	12	12,2	12,5
4	Tensile strength, kN/m	65	64	68	68,3	69,6	69,2
5	Friction, cm3/Wh	59	60	56	60	59	58,5
6	Metal bond strength, MPa:steel-3brass	5,8-	5,4-	5,53,6	85,1	9,26,2	9,86,9
7	Brittleness temperature, ^oC	-11	-	28	26	25	24
8	TM-2 üzrə möhkəmlik, şərti vahid	82	80	78	82	81,6	82,1
9	2525^oC for 24 hoursdegree of swelling at temperature, %:in an isooctane-toluene mixture(70:30)in gasoline-benzene mixture (3:1)	12-	14-	14,523,5	10,114,7	10,213,9	10,914,1
10	25^oC for 48 hoursheat aging at tempcoefficients	0,850,64	0,870,62	1,030,88	0,920,83	0,940,86	0.950.90
11	Elasticity on jump, %	10	11	14	13,7	14	13.8
12	25^oC for 27 hoursozone resistance at temp(deformation 20%, ozonehardness 0.015 %)	is falling apart	is falling apart	is falling apart	is falling apart	is falling apart	is falling apart

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