Version 1
: Received: 16 April 2024 / Approved: 17 April 2024 / Online: 18 April 2024 (14:05:50 CEST)
How to cite:
Venables, H.; Lennon, R.I.; Soleimani, M. Understanding Doppler Renal Resistive Index: An Exploration of Clinical and Theoretical Determinants. Preprints2024, 2024041200. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.1200.v1
Venables, H.; Lennon, R.I.; Soleimani, M. Understanding Doppler Renal Resistive Index: An Exploration of Clinical and Theoretical Determinants. Preprints 2024, 2024041200. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.1200.v1
Venables, H.; Lennon, R.I.; Soleimani, M. Understanding Doppler Renal Resistive Index: An Exploration of Clinical and Theoretical Determinants. Preprints2024, 2024041200. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.1200.v1
APA Style
Venables, H., Lennon, R.I., & Soleimani, M. (2024). Understanding Doppler Renal Resistive Index: An Exploration of Clinical and Theoretical Determinants. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.1200.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Venables, H., Robert Iain Lennon and Manuchehr Soleimani. 2024 "Understanding Doppler Renal Resistive Index: An Exploration of Clinical and Theoretical Determinants" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.1200.v1
Abstract
Abstract: Doppler renal resistive index (RRI) has been used for several decades as a potential indi-cator for renal disease and progression. In recent years, RRI has emerged as a useful prognostic indicator for a range of co-morbidities in patients who are acutely unwell and as a potential marker for sub-clinical acute kidney injury (AKI) and post procedural AKI risk. Despite this, the clinical and theoretical determinants of RRI are poorly understood and remain contentious. Method: A narrative review of studies exploring the theoretical, experimental, and clinical evidence for factors affecting RRI. No date restrictions were set. Findings: Both experimental and clinical data confirm that RRI is markedly affected by a range of systemic and renal determinants and is influenced closely by the underlying risk factors and sys-temic vascular changes that lead to progressive renal damage. Discussion: This paper provides an overview of the key haemodynamic determinants of renal re-sistive index and aims to clarify their relative importance. With reference to a simplified theoretical model, evidence from experimental and clinical studies is reviewed. Pathophysiological factors and patient characteristics that influence RRI are explored to provide a better understanding of why RRI values change in the presence of common or complex pathologies. Conclusion: By gaining a better understanding of the complex systemic and renal factors that influ-ence RRI, ultrasound users will be better prepared to understand and interpret changes in RRI across a range of patient presentations.
Keywords
ultrasonography; doppler; resistive index; renal
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Urology and Nephrology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
