Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Novel Fermentates Can Enhance Key Immune Responses Associated with Viral Immunity

Dearbhla Finnegan
,
Monica A Mechoud
,
Jamie A Fitzgerald
ORCID logo ,
Tom Beresford
ORCID logo ,
Harsh Mathur
,
Paul D. Cotter
ORCID logo ,
Christine Loscher
*
Version 1 : Received: 22 March 2024 / Approved: 25 March 2024 / Online: 26 March 2024 (08:03:01 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Finnegan, D.; Mechoud, M.A.; FitzGerald, J.A.; Beresford, T.; Mathur, H.; Cotter, P.D.; Loscher, C. Novel Fermentates Can Enhance Key Immune Responses Associated with Viral Immunity. Nutrients 2024, 16, 1212. Finnegan, D.; Mechoud, M.A.; FitzGerald, J.A.; Beresford, T.; Mathur, H.; Cotter, P.D.; Loscher, C. Novel Fermentates Can Enhance Key Immune Responses Associated with Viral Immunity. Nutrients 2024, 16, 1212.

Abstract

Fermented foods have long been known to have immunomodulatory capabilities and fermentates derived from the lactic acid bacteria of dairy products can modulate the immune system. We have used skimmed milk powder to generate novel fermentates using Lb. helveticus strains SC234 and SC232 and we demonstrate here that these fermentates can enhance key immune mechanisms that are critical to the immune response to viruses. We show that our novel fermentates SC234 and SC232 can positively impact on cytokine and chemokine secretion, nitric oxide (NO) production, cell surface marker expression, and phagocytosis in macrophage models. We demonstrate that fermentates SC234 and SC232 increase the secretion of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-27, and IL-10, promote an M1 proinflammatory phenotype for viral immunity via NO induction, decreases chemokine expression of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein (MCP), increasing cell surface marker expression, and enhance phagocytosis in comparison to their starting material. These data suggest that these novel fermentates have potential as novel functional food ingredients for the treatment, management and control of viral infection.

Keywords

fermentates; functional food; immune boosting; immunomodulation; macrophage; viral immunity

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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