Version 1
: Received: 20 March 2024 / Approved: 20 March 2024 / Online: 20 March 2024 (16:58:34 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 23 March 2024 / Approved: 26 March 2024 / Online: 26 March 2024 (10:51:27 CET)
How to cite:
Haug, E. Friedmann Type Equations in Thermodynamical Form Lead to Much Tighter Constraints on the Energy Density of the Universe. Preprints2024, 2024031241. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.1241.v1
Haug, E. Friedmann Type Equations in Thermodynamical Form Lead to Much Tighter Constraints on the Energy Density of the Universe. Preprints 2024, 2024031241. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.1241.v1
Haug, E. Friedmann Type Equations in Thermodynamical Form Lead to Much Tighter Constraints on the Energy Density of the Universe. Preprints2024, 2024031241. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.1241.v1
APA Style
Haug, E. (2024). Friedmann Type Equations in Thermodynamical Form Lead to Much Tighter Constraints on the Energy Density of the Universe. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.1241.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Haug, E. 2024 "Friedmann Type Equations in Thermodynamical Form Lead to Much Tighter Constraints on the Energy Density of the Universe" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.1241.v1
Abstract
Based on recent progress in cosmological thermodynamics, we are presenting a new ther- modynamic formulation of the Friedmann equations, as well as for other similar equations put forward in the literature from different solutions to Einstein’s field equation. Since the CMB temperature has been measured much more accurately than the Hubble constant, we demonstrate that the thermodynamic formulation of the Friedmann equation dramatically narrows down the acceptable range for the mass-energy density in the universe.
Keywords
Friedmann equations, FLRW, energy density universe, extremal solutions, Haug-Spavieri solution.
Subject
Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.