Sfera, A.; Thomas, K.A.; Ogunjale, I.A.; Jafri, N.; Bota, P.G. Insomnia in Forensic Detainees: Is Salience Network the Common Pathway for Sleep, Neuropsychiatric, and Neurodegenerative Disorders? J. Clin. Med.2024, 13, 1691.
Sfera, A.; Thomas, K.A.; Ogunjale, I.A.; Jafri, N.; Bota, P.G. Insomnia in Forensic Detainees: Is Salience Network the Common Pathway for Sleep, Neuropsychiatric, and Neurodegenerative Disorders? J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 1691.
Sfera, A.; Thomas, K.A.; Ogunjale, I.A.; Jafri, N.; Bota, P.G. Insomnia in Forensic Detainees: Is Salience Network the Common Pathway for Sleep, Neuropsychiatric, and Neurodegenerative Disorders? J. Clin. Med.2024, 13, 1691.
Sfera, A.; Thomas, K.A.; Ogunjale, I.A.; Jafri, N.; Bota, P.G. Insomnia in Forensic Detainees: Is Salience Network the Common Pathway for Sleep, Neuropsychiatric, and Neurodegenerative Disorders? J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 1691.
Abstract
Forensic hospitals throughout the country house individuals with severe mental illness and history of criminal violations. Insomnia affects 67.4% of hospitalized patients with chronic neuropsychiatric disorders, indicating that these conditions may hijack human somnogenic pathways. Conversely, somnolence is a common adverse effect of many antipsychotic drugs, further highlighting a common etiopathogenesis.
The role of dysfunctional mitochondria in psychopathology is well-established, however, the association of these organelles with sleep physiology is novel. Indeed, reducing neuronal oxidative stress by importing mitochondria from astrocytes, may be the purpose of human slumber. This model may explain mitochondrial dysfunction during anesthesia as well as in the rare genetic disease, fatal familial insomnia.
In this narrative review, we focus on the salience network of the brain, a common denominator for insomnia, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. We also discuss mitochondria-protecting strategies, including membrane lipid replacement, natural and synthetic phenazine and phenothiazine derivatives.
Keywords
Von Economo Neuron; interoceptive awareness; frontotemporal dementia behavioral variant; phenazines
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Neuroscience and Neurology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
