Sanchini, A.; Lanni, A.; Giannoni, F.; Mustazzolu, A. Exploring Diagnostic Methods for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Overview. Preprints2024, 2024021123. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.1123.v1
APA Style
Sanchini, A., Lanni, A., Giannoni, F., & Mustazzolu, A. (2024). Exploring Diagnostic Methods for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Overview. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.1123.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Sanchini, A., Federico Giannoni and Alessandro Mustazzolu. 2024 "Exploring Diagnostic Methods for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Overview" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.1123.v1
Abstract
Despite available global efforts and funding, Tuberculosis (TB) continues to affect a considerable number of patients worldwide. Policy makers and stakeholders set clear goals to reduce TB incidence and mortality, but the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) complicate the reach of these goals. Drug-resistance TB needs to be diagnosed rapidly and accurately to effectively treat patients, prevent the transmission of MDR-TB, minimise mortality, reduce treatment costs and avoid unnecessary hospitalisations. In this narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview of laboratory methods for detecting drug resistance in MTB, focusing on phenotypic, molecular and other drug susceptibility testing (DST) techniques. We found a large variety of methods used, with the BACTEC MGIT 960 being the most common phenotypic DST and the Xpert MTB/RIF being the most common molecular DST. We emphasise the importance of integrating phenotypic and molecular DST to address issues like resistance to new drugs, heteroresistance, mixed infections and low-level resistance mutations. Notably, most of the analysed studies adhered to the outdated definition of XDR-TB and did not consider the pre-XDR definition, thus posing challenges in aligning diagnostic methods with the current landscape of TB resistance.
Keywords
Mycobacterium tuberculosis; multidrug-resistant; extensively drug-resistant; diagnostic methods; point-of-care; phenotypic methods; molecular methods; drug resistance detection; rapid test
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
