Estimating Wastewater Dilution Using Chemical Markers and Incomplete Flow Measurements: Application to Normalisation of SARS-CoV-2 Measurements

Owen D. Jones; Amy J. Baldwin; William B. Perry; Henry Wilde; Isabelle Durance; Davey L. Jones; Andrew Weightman

doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1109.v1

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preprints.org > environmental and earth sciences > water science and technology > doi: 10.20944/preprints202402.1109.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Estimating Wastewater Dilution Using Chemical Markers and Incomplete Flow Measurements: Application to Normalisation of SARS-CoV-2 Measurements

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Version 1 : Received: 19 February 2024 / Approved: 20 February 2024 / Online: 20 February 2024 (07:09:16 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 23 April 2024 / Approved: 24 April 2024 / Online: 24 April 2024 (11:44:50 CEST)

How to cite: Jones, O.D.; Baldwin, A.J.; Perry, W.B.; Wilde, H.; Durance, I.; Jones, D.L.; Weightman, A. Estimating Wastewater Dilution Using Chemical Markers and Incomplete Flow Measurements: Application to Normalisation of SARS-CoV-2 Measurements. Preprints 2024, 2024021109. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.1109.v1 Jones, O.D.; Baldwin, A.J.; Perry, W.B.; Wilde, H.; Durance, I.; Jones, D.L.; Weightman, A. Estimating Wastewater Dilution Using Chemical Markers and Incomplete Flow Measurements: Application to Normalisation of SARS-CoV-2 Measurements. Preprints 2024, 2024021109. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.1109.v1

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jones, O.D.; Baldwin, A.J.; Perry, W.B.; Wilde, H.; Durance, I.; Jones, D.L.; Weightman, A. Estimating Wastewater Dilution Using Chemical Markers and Incomplete Flow Measurements: Application to Normalisation of SARS-CoV-2 Measurements. Preprints 2024, 2024021109. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.1109.v1

APA Style

Jones, O.D., Baldwin, A.J., Perry, W.B., Wilde, H., Durance, I., Jones, D.L., & Weightman, A. (2024). Estimating Wastewater Dilution Using Chemical Markers and Incomplete Flow Measurements: Application to Normalisation of SARS-CoV-2 Measurements. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.1109.v1

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jones, O.D., Davey L. Jones and Andrew Weightman. 2024 "Estimating Wastewater Dilution Using Chemical Markers and Incomplete Flow Measurements: Application to Normalisation of SARS-CoV-2 Measurements" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.1109.v1

Abstract

We construct a Bayesian estimator for the dilution of a wastewater sample, and use it to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Wales using data from the Wales Environmental Wastewater Analysis and Surveillance for Health project (WEWASH). In Wales wastewater is diluted by rainwater so an estimate of the level of dilution is required if we are to normalise sample measurements of disease markers such as SARS-CoV-2 RNA. We consider the situation where flow measurements are available, but will regularly be unreliable because of the action of combined sewer outflows, which divert wastewater away from treatment plants when the flow is excessive. However we also have proxies for the flow from various chemical markers, whose level per unit of population is fixed. The new estimator has multiple advantages compared to existing procedures: credible intervals for the estimates; optimal weighting of the chemical markers; systematic handling of missing and censored values; and model based smoothing without lags.

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2; wastewater-based epidemiology; wastewater; dilution; flow normalisation; Bayesian

Subject

Environmental and Earth Sciences, Water Science and Technology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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