Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Indications of Endocrine Disruptor Effects of JP-5 Jet Fuel Using a Rat-Model Reproductive Study and an In Vitro Human Hormone Receptor Assay

William Rawlingson Howard
* ,
Joyce G Rohan
ORCID logo ,
Kimberly SB Yeager
,
Chester P Gut
,
Kathleen A Frondorf
,
Shawn M McInturf
,
Nathan M Gargas
,
Karen L Mumy
Version 1 : Received: 30 January 2024 / Approved: 31 January 2024 / Online: 31 January 2024 (07:31:01 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Howard, W.R.; Rohan, J.G.; Yeager, K.S.B.; Gut, C.P.; Frondorf, K.A.; McInturf, S.M.; Gargas, N.M.; Mumy, K.L. Indications of Endocrine Disruptor Effects of JP-5 Jet Fuel Using a Rat-Model Reproductive Study and an In Vitro Human Hormone Receptor Assay. Toxics 2024, 12, 220. Howard, W.R.; Rohan, J.G.; Yeager, K.S.B.; Gut, C.P.; Frondorf, K.A.; McInturf, S.M.; Gargas, N.M.; Mumy, K.L. Indications of Endocrine Disruptor Effects of JP-5 Jet Fuel Using a Rat-Model Reproductive Study and an In Vitro Human Hormone Receptor Assay. Toxics 2024, 12, 220.

Abstract

Recent events concerning jet fuel contamination of drinking water have shown that we need a better understanding of the effects of ingested jet fuel. To this end, a reproductive study with in-gested jet fuel in rats was undertaken with relatively high concentrations of Jet Propellant (JP)-5 along with a human estrogen receptor activation in vitro assay using JP-5, JP-8, and an alternative jet fuel derived from the camelina plant to help evaluate potential effects of ingested jet fuel. Results of the in vivo study provided evidence that JP-5 can act as an endocrine disruptor, with specific observations including altered hormone levels with JP-5 exposure (significantly lower estradiol levels in male rats and significantly increased Dehydroepiandrosterone levels in females), indi-cations of abnormal estrous cycles, and a decreased male/female offspring ratio. The in vitro hormone receptor activation assay indicated JP-5 and JP-8 are capable of upregulating human estrogen receptor (ER) activity, while the alternative jet fuel derived from the camelina plant was not active in the ER assay. The jet fuels were not able to activate androgen or glucocorticoid re-ceptors in further in vitro assays. These results infer potential endocrine disruption associated with JP-5, with activation of the estrogen receptor as one potential mechanism of action.

Keywords

Jet Fuel; Jet propellant; JP-5; JP-8; estrogen receptor; endocrine disruptor

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Toxicology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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