Lawrence, J.; Barrow, P.; Foster, N. Porcine Monocyte DNA Traps Formed during Infection with Pathogenic Clostridioides difficile Strains. Pathogens2024, 13, 228.
Lawrence, J.; Barrow, P.; Foster, N. Porcine Monocyte DNA Traps Formed during Infection with Pathogenic Clostridioides difficile Strains. Pathogens 2024, 13, 228.
Lawrence, J.; Barrow, P.; Foster, N. Porcine Monocyte DNA Traps Formed during Infection with Pathogenic Clostridioides difficile Strains. Pathogens2024, 13, 228.
Lawrence, J.; Barrow, P.; Foster, N. Porcine Monocyte DNA Traps Formed during Infection with Pathogenic Clostridioides difficile Strains. Pathogens 2024, 13, 228.
Abstract
Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile is an enteric pathogen of neonatal pigs with zoonotic transmission remaining a significant problem in humans, including nosocomial resurgence, following oral administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics. To date, the immune response to C. difficile has mostly focused on neutrophils and cytokine/chemokines, particularly in human infection.
We show that porcine monocytes respond to C. difficile differently compared with many other bacterial infections. Infection of porcine monocytes with human C. difficile strains CD630 (Ribotype 078) or R20291 (Ribotype 027) for 3 or 24h post-infection (pi) resulted in a lack of oxidative burst or nitrite ion production when compared to uninfected controls (P >0.05). The survival dynamics of both CD630 and R20291 in monocytes were similar with intracellular bacterial numbers being similar at 3h pi and 24h pi (P >0.05). However, we show that porcine monocytes entrap C. difficile via extracellular DNA traps. This process began as early as 3h pi and at 24h pi the nuclei appeared to be depleted of DNA, although extracellular DNA was associated with the cell membrane. Our preliminary study also suggests that entrapment of C. difficile by extracellular DNA may occur via a process of monocyte etosis.
Keywords
Clostridiodes (Clostridium) difficile; Monocyte; DNA traps; Etosis; Pigs
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
