Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

The Enigma of the ʹSmokerʹs Paradoxʹ: Results from a Single‐Center Registry of Patients with STEMI Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Umberto Paradossi
,
Alberto Ranieri De Caterina
,
Giancarlo Trimarchi
ORCID logo ,
Filippo Dossi
,
Mario Raccis
,
Giacomo Bianchi
ORCID logo ,
Cataldo Palmieri
,
Cesare De Gregorio
,
Giuseppe Andò
* ,
Sergio Berti
Version 1 : Received: 25 January 2024 / Approved: 25 January 2024 / Online: 26 January 2024 (07:21:41 CET)

How to cite: Paradossi, U.; De Caterina, A.R.; Trimarchi, G.; Dossi, F.; Raccis, M.; Bianchi, G.; Palmieri, C.; De Gregorio, C.; Andò, G.; Berti, S. The Enigma of the ʹSmokerʹs Paradoxʹ: Results from a Single‐Center Registry of Patients with STEMI Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Preprints 2024, 2024011864. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202401.1864.v1 Paradossi, U.; De Caterina, A.R.; Trimarchi, G.; Dossi, F.; Raccis, M.; Bianchi, G.; Palmieri, C.; De Gregorio, C.; Andò, G.; Berti, S. The Enigma of the ʹSmokerʹs Paradoxʹ: Results from a Single‐Center Registry of Patients with STEMI Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Preprints 2024, 2024011864. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202401.1864.v1

Abstract

Smoker’s paradox usually refers to the common observation of a favourable outcome of smoker patients in acute myocardial infarction. The interpretation of this phenomenon is still controversial and not fully explained. We aimed at assessing whether smoking could be associated with mortality in a large cohort of prospectively enrolled patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) referred to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). From April 2006 to December 2018 a population of 2456 STEMI patients treated with primary PCI were prospectively enrolled in the MATRIX registry. Ischemic time, clinical, demographics, angiographic data and 1-year follow-up were collected. Among 2546 patients admitted with STEMI 1007 (41%) were current smokers. Smokers were 10 years younger and had lower crude in-hospital and 1-year mortality (1.5% vs 6%, p<0.0001 and 5% vs 11%, p<0.0001), shorter ischemic time (203 [147-299] vs 220 [154-334] minutes, p=0.002) and shorter decision time (60 [30-135] vs 70 [36-170] minutes, p=0.0063). After propensity-matching, age, cardiogenic shock and low TIMI score were associated with in-hospital mortality, while smoking habit was still associated with reduced mortality. Smoking was also associated with reduced death rate at 1-year follow-up (HR 0.54, 95% CI [0.37 - 0.78]; p<0.001). Our data show a protective link between smoking status and mortality in patients with STEMI, the so called “smoker’s paradox”. This could be explained not only by the shorter ischemic time and younger age of the smoking population but also by a specific pathogenetic effect of smoking underlying the onset of STEMI and response to therapies.

Keywords

smoker’s paradox; lifestyle risk factors; STEMI; ischemic time; primary PCI

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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