Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Use of Immune Modulation and Chemotherapy Management in the Treatment of Gliomas

Devon Foster
* ,
Ivelina Kioutchoukova
ORCID logo ,
Caroline Davidson
ORCID logo ,
Rajvi N Thakkar
,
Marco Foreman
ORCID logo ,
Eduardo Molina Valero
,
Demani Barnes
,
Brandon Lucke-Wold
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 22 January 2024 / Approved: 22 January 2024 / Online: 22 January 2024 (10:11:49 CET)

How to cite: Foster, D.; Kioutchoukova, I.; Davidson, C.; Thakkar, R. N.; Foreman, M.; Molina Valero, E.; Barnes, D.; Lucke-Wold, B. Use of Immune Modulation and Chemotherapy Management in the Treatment of Gliomas. Preprints 2024, 2024011527. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202401.1527.v1 Foster, D.; Kioutchoukova, I.; Davidson, C.; Thakkar, R. N.; Foreman, M.; Molina Valero, E.; Barnes, D.; Lucke-Wold, B. Use of Immune Modulation and Chemotherapy Management in the Treatment of Gliomas. Preprints 2024, 2024011527. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202401.1527.v1

Abstract

Gliomas are central nervous system (CNS) derived tumors that originate from glial cells and affect six per 100,000 people in the United States. They are the most common form of CNS neoplasm and are highly diffusely infiltrative to surrounding brain tissue. Gliomas of diffusive nature are classified into different subcategories: astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Computed tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are used to determine tumor category and spread which may dictate treatment options. This paper focuses on emerging treatments of chemotherapy management with temozolomide and Avastin as well as emerging immune modulation treatment with vaccinations, manipulation of cellular checkpoints CTLA-4 and PD-1, co-receptor modulation of neuropilin-1, CAR-T cell therapy, and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. The employment of TMZ and BEV has been supported in the literature, however, more research is necessitated to fully optimize regimens and to avoid immune- and toxicity-related effects of these drugs. Moreover, an even closer consideration is warranted for current immunotherapies as they are in their infancy compared to TMZ and BEV. Thus, although promising emerging treatment options, therapies involving cancer vaccines, ICIs, immune modulation of neuropilin-1, CAR-T, and CRISPR-Cas9 technology require further investigation into their long-term efficacy and utility in treating gliomas.

Keywords

Glioma; Immune Modulation; Chemotherapy Management; Temozolomide; Avastin

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Oncology and Oncogenics

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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