Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Development of Glycyrrhizinic Acid-Based Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP-GA) as an Adjuvant That Improves the Immune Response to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Spike Recombinant Protein

José Bryan García-Cambrón
ORCID logo ,
José Luis Cerriteño-Sánchez
* ,
Rocío Lara-Romero
,
David Quintanar-Guerrero
ORCID logo ,
Gerardo Blancas-Flores
,
Brenda L. Sánchez-Gaytán
,
Irma Herrera-Camacho
ORCID logo ,
Julieta Sandra Cuevas-Romero
*
Version 1 : Received: 16 January 2024 / Approved: 17 January 2024 / Online: 17 January 2024 (11:11:24 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

García-Cambrón, J.B.; Cerriteño-Sánchez, J.L.; Lara-Romero, R.; Quintanar-Guerrero, D.; Blancas-Flores, G.; Sánchez-Gaytán, B.L.; Herrera-Camacho, I.; Cuevas-Romero, J.S. Development of Glycyrrhizinic Acid-Based Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP-GA) as An Adjuvant That Improves the Immune Response to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Spike Recombinant Protein. Viruses 2024, 16, 431. García-Cambrón, J.B.; Cerriteño-Sánchez, J.L.; Lara-Romero, R.; Quintanar-Guerrero, D.; Blancas-Flores, G.; Sánchez-Gaytán, B.L.; Herrera-Camacho, I.; Cuevas-Romero, J.S. Development of Glycyrrhizinic Acid-Based Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP-GA) as An Adjuvant That Improves the Immune Response to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Spike Recombinant Protein. Viruses 2024, 16, 431.

Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has affected the pork industry worldwide and during outbreaks the mortality of piglets has reached 100%. Lipid nanocarriers are commonly used in the development of immunostimulatory particles due to their biocompatibility and slow-release delivery properties. In this study, we developed a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) complex based on glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and tested its efficacy as an adjuvant in mice immunized with the recombinant N-terminal domain (NTD) of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) spike (S) protein (rNTD-S). The dispersion stability analysis (Z-potential–27.6 mV) confirmed the size and charge stability of the LNP-GA, demonstrating that the particles were homogeneously dispersed and strongly anionic, that favors nanoparticles binding with the rNTD-S protein, which showed a slightly positive charge (2.11 mV) by in silico analysis. TEM image of LNP-GA revealed nanostructures with a spherical-bilayer lipid vesicle (⁓100 nm). The immunogenicity of the LNP-GA-rNTD-S complex induced an efficient humoral response 14 days after the first immunization (P < 0.05) as well as an influence on the cellular immune response by decreasing serum TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations, which was associated with an anti-inflammatory effect.

Keywords

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; lipid nanoparticle; recombinant protein; immune response

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Zoology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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