PreprintArticleVersion 1Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
In Vitro Immunomodulation of Raw 264.7 Macrophages and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Medicinal Plants Used Traditionally to Treat Pulmonary Tuberculosis in South Africa.
Version 1
: Received: 10 January 2024 / Approved: 11 January 2024 / Online: 11 January 2024 (08:13:17 CET)
How to cite:
Shauli, M.M.; Macingwana, L.; Rusike, C.R. In Vitro Immunomodulation of Raw 264.7 Macrophages and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Medicinal Plants Used Traditionally to Treat Pulmonary Tuberculosis in South Africa.. Preprints2024, 2024010890. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202401.0890.v1
Shauli, M.M.; Macingwana, L.; Rusike, C.R. In Vitro Immunomodulation of Raw 264.7 Macrophages and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Medicinal Plants Used Traditionally to Treat Pulmonary Tuberculosis in South Africa.. Preprints 2024, 2024010890. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202401.0890.v1
Shauli, M.M.; Macingwana, L.; Rusike, C.R. In Vitro Immunomodulation of Raw 264.7 Macrophages and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Medicinal Plants Used Traditionally to Treat Pulmonary Tuberculosis in South Africa.. Preprints2024, 2024010890. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202401.0890.v1
APA Style
Shauli, M.M., Macingwana, L., & Rusike, C.R. (2024). In Vitro Immunomodulation of Raw 264.7 Macrophages and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Medicinal Plants Used Traditionally to Treat Pulmonary Tuberculosis in South Africa.. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202401.0890.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Shauli, M.M., Lubabalo Macingwana and Constance Rufaro Rusike. 2024 "In Vitro Immunomodulation of Raw 264.7 Macrophages and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Medicinal Plants Used Traditionally to Treat Pulmonary Tuberculosis in South Africa." Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202401.0890.v1
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is one of the leading causes of death in developing countries. This global health burden is worsened by the emergence of multi-drug resistance, which calls for new interventions to address the pandemic and medicinal plants remain a source for the new interventions. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro immunomodulatory effects of three plants used traditionally for the treatment of PTB in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Eradication of Mycobacterium. tuberculosis in the lung tissue, requires the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. Thus, a plant extract with a high potential for anti-tuberculosis effects is expected to produce a high concentration of nitric oxide (NO) as the indicator for the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. To test this effect, lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages were cultured and treated with the ethanolic crude extracts of three plants: Anthrixia philycoides, Lippia javaniva, and Sanicula elata at concentrations of 50µg/ml, 100µg/ml, and 200 µg/ml. After 24h, 50µl Griess reagent was added to the plates and absorbance was measure at 540nm. A standard curve of sodium nitrite dissolved in culture media was used to determine the concentration of NO in each sample. The results showed Anthrixia philycoides, and Lippia javanica, as anti-inflammatory when compared with the positive control, while Sanicula elata pro-inflammatory, producing a high amount of NO, compared with the positive control. Our results revealed the polarizing activity of Sanicula elata on macrophages towards M1 phenotype, with evidence of the nitric oxide production, warranting further in-vivo investigations of medicinal plant for anti-TB activity.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
