Simbi, B.; Pink, R.C.; Whatford, L.; Lawson, C. Particles in Raw Sheep Milk Can Modulate the Inflammatory Response in THP-1, a Human Monocyte Cell Line, In Vitro. Dairy2024, 5, 161-172.
Simbi, B.; Pink, R.C.; Whatford, L.; Lawson, C. Particles in Raw Sheep Milk Can Modulate the Inflammatory Response in THP-1, a Human Monocyte Cell Line, In Vitro. Dairy 2024, 5, 161-172.
Simbi, B.; Pink, R.C.; Whatford, L.; Lawson, C. Particles in Raw Sheep Milk Can Modulate the Inflammatory Response in THP-1, a Human Monocyte Cell Line, In Vitro. Dairy2024, 5, 161-172.
Simbi, B.; Pink, R.C.; Whatford, L.; Lawson, C. Particles in Raw Sheep Milk Can Modulate the Inflammatory Response in THP-1, a Human Monocyte Cell Line, In Vitro. Dairy 2024, 5, 161-172.
Abstract
Background: The UK dairy sheep industry is relatively small but growing, particularly for cheese and yogurt products. Anecdotally, sheep milk (SM) is better tolerated by humans than cows’ milk and could have environmental as well as health benefits. All milk contains sub-micron particles called extracellular vesicles (EV) which are mainly derived from the mammary epithelium. Physiologically, milk derived EV are thought to aid development of infant immunity and the microbiome but may also have health benefits to adult humans. Methods: Using sequential ultracentrifugation vesicles of <1µm (LEV) followed by <200nm (sEV) were isolated from six individual sheep during mid lactation. RNA was extracted and microRNA analysed by RTqPCR for sequences previously identified in cows’ milk. Human THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages and incubated with SM-derived LEV and sEV in the presence of pro-inflammatory LPS to measure effects on secretion of the chemokine CCL-2 or in the presence of DMNQ and fluorescent dihydrorhodamine-1,2,3 to measure reactive oxygen species. Results: LEV induced an increase in ROS in both monocytes and macrophages, whilst sEV decreased DMNQ-mediated ROS in macrophages but not monocytes. Interestingly, the LEV did not induce CCL2 release, however they increased LPS-induced CCL2 secretion in monocytes but not macrophages. miR26a, miR92a, miR125b, miR155, miR223, were identified in both sEV and LEV by RT-qPCR and could be responsible for modulation of ROS and CCL2 expression. Conclusions: These findings suggest that sheep milk can influence human monocyte/macrophage responses and so is worthy of further investigation for its potential human and non-human animal health benefits.
Keywords
sheep milk; extracellular vesicles; inflammation
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Zoology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
