Cabral, L.S.; Weimer, P.J. Megasphaera elsdenii: Its Role in Ruminant Nutrition and Its Potential Industrial Application for Organic Acid Biosynthesis. Microorganisms2024, 12, 219.
Cabral, L.S.; Weimer, P.J. Megasphaera elsdenii: Its Role in Ruminant Nutrition and Its Potential Industrial Application for Organic Acid Biosynthesis. Microorganisms 2024, 12, 219.
Cabral, L.S.; Weimer, P.J. Megasphaera elsdenii: Its Role in Ruminant Nutrition and Its Potential Industrial Application for Organic Acid Biosynthesis. Microorganisms2024, 12, 219.
Cabral, L.S.; Weimer, P.J. Megasphaera elsdenii: Its Role in Ruminant Nutrition and Its Potential Industrial Application for Organic Acid Biosynthesis. Microorganisms 2024, 12, 219.
Abstract
The Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic bacterium Megasphaera elsdenii was first isolated from the rumen in 1953 and is common in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. Its ability to use either lactate or glucose as its major energy source for growth has been well documented, although it can also ferment amino acids to ammonia and branched-chain fatty acids, which are growth factors for other bacteria. The ruminal abundance of M. elsdenii usually increases in animals fed grain-based diets due to its ability to use lactate (the product of rapid ruminal sugar fermentation), especially at low ruminal pH (< 5.5). M. elsdenii has been proposed as a potential dietary probiotic to prevent ruminal acidosis in feedlot cattle and high-producing dairy cows. However, this bacterium has also been associated with milk fat depression (MFD) in dairy cows, although proving a causative role has remained elusive. This review summarizes the unique physiology of this intriguing bacterium, and its role of in ruminal community function and in the health and productivity of the host animal. In addition to its effects in the rumen, the ability of M. elsdenii to produce C2-C7 carboxylic acids – potential precursors for industrial fuel and chemical production, is examined.
Biology and Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Zoology
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