Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Phospholipase C Zeta in Human Spermatozoa: A Systematic Review on Current Development and Clinical Application

Version 1 : Received: 22 December 2023 / Approved: 22 December 2023 / Online: 26 December 2023 (01:45:06 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Parrella, A.; Medrano, L.; Aizpurua, J.; Gómez-Torres, M.J. Phospholipase C Zeta in Human Spermatozoa: A Systematic Review on Current Development and Clinical Application. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 1344. Parrella, A.; Medrano, L.; Aizpurua, J.; Gómez-Torres, M.J. Phospholipase C Zeta in Human Spermatozoa: A Systematic Review on Current Development and Clinical Application. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 1344.

Abstract

During fertilization, the fusion of the spermatozoa with the oocytes causes the release of calcium from the oocyte endoplasmatic reticulum. This, in turn, triggers a series of calcium ion (Ca2+) oscillations, a process known as oocyte activation. The sperm-specific factor responsible for oocyte activation is phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ). Men undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with their spermatozoa lacking PLCζ are incapable of generating Ca2+oscillation, leading to fertilization failure. The immunofluorescence assay is the most used technique to assess the expression and localization of PLCζ and to diagnose patients with reduced/absent ability to activate the oocytes. In these patients, the use of assisted oocyte activation (AOA) technique can help to yield successful ICSI results and shorten the time of pregnancy. However, the production of a stable PLCζ recombinant protein represents a new powerful therapeutic approach to treating individuals with this condition. We aim to conduct a systematic review focusing on the expression, level, and localization of PLCζ, discussing the novel genetic mutation associated with its impairment. In addition, we highlight the benefits of AOA, looking at new and less invasive methods to diagnose and treat cases with PLCζ dysfunction ability.

Keywords

PLC; PLCZ1; human; human spermatozoa; human oocytes; human infertility; human oocyte activation

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Life Sciences

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