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Submitted:
20 December 2023
Posted:
21 December 2023
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Shrew Genus | Geographical Distribution |
Viral Distribution (Shrew Host Species Were Given in Parentheses) |
Crocidura in the subfamily Crocidurinae covers 172 species | Distributed across all tropical and temperate regions of Africa, Europe, and Asia, from northern South Africa to Europe, and across the entire eastern part of Asia, extending to the Malay Archipelago | Langya virus (Crocidura shantungensis, Crocidura lasiura); Gamak virus and Daeryong virus (Crocidura shantungensis, Crocidura lasiura); Melian virus (Crocidura grandiceps); Denwin virus (Crocidura russula); Beilong virus (Crocidura shantungensis); Bowé virus (Crocidura douceti); Imjin virus (Crocidura lasiura); Jeju virus (Crocidura lasiura); Seoul virus (Crocidura lasiura); Azagny virus (Crocidura obscurior); Bufavirus (Crocidura hirta); Lamusara virus (Crocidura sp.); Lamgora virus (Crocidura sp.); Erve virus (Crocidura russula); Thiafora virus (Crocidura spp.); Usutu virus (Crocidura sp.); Olivier's shrew virus 1 (Crocidura olivieri guineensis); lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (Crocidura goliath); Borna disease virus (Crocidura leucodon); Ljungan virus (Crocidura leucodon); Monkeypox virus (Crocidura spp.); Shrew herpesviruses (Crocidura spp.); Mokola virus (Crocidura spp.); rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2b (Crocidura russula); Shrew orthoreovirus (Crocidura hirta) |
Suncus in the subfamily Crocidurinae covers 18 species | Distributed in all continents except Oceania | Thottapalayam virus (Suncus murinus); Rotavirus A (Suncus murinus); Porcine Bocavirus G4 (Suncus murinus); adeno-associated virus (Suncus murinus); Japanese encephalitis virus (Suncus murinus); Suncus murinus hepacivirus (Suncus murinus); rat pegivirus (Suncus murinus); Wenzhou virus (Suncus murinus); torque teno virus (Suncus murinus); astroviruses (Suncus murinus); severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (Suncus murinus); hepatitis E virus (Suncus murinus); shrew hepatitis B virus (Suncus murinus); Asian house shrew adenovirus (Suncus murinus); Cencurut virus (Suncus murinus); Wénchéng shrew virus (Suncus murinus) |
Sylvisorex in the subfamily Crocidurinae covers 12 species | Distributed in Africa | Ebola virus (Sylvisorex ollula); Unnamed shrew adenovirus (Sylvisorex sp.) |
Diplomesodon in the subfamily Crocidurinae covers 1 species |
Distributed in Caspian region | No viruses have been identified in this shrew genus |
Feroculus in the subfamily Crocidurinae covers 1 species |
Distributed in southern Sri Lanka and southern India | No viruses have been identified in this shrew genus |
Paracrocidura in the subfamily Crocidurinae covers 3 species | Distributed in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, Gabon, the Central African Republic, and Equatorial Guinea in Africa | No viruses have been identified in this shrew genus |
Ruwenzorisorex in the subfamily Crocidurinae covers 1 species |
Distributed in Found in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda | No viruses have been identified in this shrew genus |
Scutisorex in the subfamily Crocidurinae covers 1 species |
Distributed in the Republic of the Congo | No viruses have been identified in this shrew genus |
Solisorex in the subfamily Crocidurinae covers 1 species |
Distributed in Sri Lanka and southern India | No viruses have been identified in this shrew genus |
Sorex in the subfamily Soricinae covers 77 species |
Distributed Eurasia and North America | Ninorex virus (Sorex minutus); Lena mobatvirus (Sorex caecutiens, Sorex roboratus); Asikkala virus (Sorex minutus); Asikkala virus (Sorex minutus); Kenkeme virus (Sorex roboratus); Seewis virus (Sorex araneus); Yakeshi virus (Sorex unguiculatus); Altai virus (Sorex araneus); Artybash virus (Sorex caecutiens); Artybash virus (Sorex caecutiens); Ash River virus (Sorex cinereus) Jemez Springs virus (Sorex monticolus); Puumala virus (Sorex araneus); Qian hu shan virus (Sorex cylindricauda); common shrew coronavirus Tibet-2014 (Sorex araneus); Ljungan Virus (Sorex antinorii); Hepatitis A virus (sorex araneus); human polyomavirus 12 (sorex araneus, sorex coronatus, sorex minutus); cowpox virus (Sorex araneus); tick-borne encephalitis virus (Sorex araneus) |
Anourosorex in the subfamily Soricinae covers 4 species |
Distributed in China, Taiwan, India, and Indochina | Cao Bang virus (Anourosorex squamipes); Lianghe virus (Anourosorex squamipes); Xinyi virus (Anourosorex yamashinai) |
Blarinella in the subfamily Soricinae covers 3 species |
Distributed in India, China, and Myanmar | Camp Ripley virus (Blarina brevicauda); Powassan virus type 2 (Blarina brevicauda) |
Neomys in the subfamily Soricinae covers 3 species |
Distributed in Europe and northern Asia | Boginia virus (Neomys fodiens) |
Blarina in the subfamily Soricinae covers 4 species |
Distributed in North America | No viruses have been identified in this shrew genus |
Cryptotis in the subfamily Soricinae covers 30 species |
Distributed in North America and Central America | No viruses have been identified in this shrew genus |
Chimarrogale in the subfamily Soricinae covers 6 species |
Distributed in Asia | No viruses have been identified in this shrew genus |
Chodsigoa in the subfamily Soricinae covers 8 species |
Distributed in Asia | No viruses have been identified in this shrew genus |
Episoriculus in the subfamily Soricinae covers 4 species |
Distributed in Asia | No viruses have been identified in this shrew genus |
Nectogale in the subfamily Soricinae covers 1 species |
Distributed in India and China | No viruses have been identified in this shrew genus |
Nesiotites in the subfamily Soricinae covers 2 species |
Distributed in Europe and North Africa | No viruses have been identified in this shrew genus |
Soriculus in the subfamily Soricinae covers 1 species |
Distributed in Asia | No viruses have been identified in this shrew genus |
Megasorex in the subfamily Soricinae covers 1 species |
Distributed in the United States and Mexico | No viruses have been identified in this shrew genus |
Notiosorex in the subfamily Soricinae covers 4 species |
Distributed in the United States and Mexico | No viruses have been identified in this shrew genus |
Myosorex in the subfamily Myosoricinae covers 14 species |
Distributed in Africa | Kilimanjaro virus (Myosorex geata); Uluguru virus (Myosorex zinki) |
Surdisorex in the subfamily Myosoricinae covers 2 species |
Distributed in Kenya | No viruses have been identified in this shrew genus |
Congosorex in the subfamily Myosoricinae covers 2 species |
Distributed in Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Congo, Cameroon, Tanzania | No viruses have been identified in this shrew genus |
Common Name of Shrews | Species Name of Shrews |
American water shrew | Sorex palustris |
Asian house shrews | Suncus murinus |
Asian lesser white-toothed shrews | Crocidura shantungensis |
bicolored shrews | Crocidura leucodon |
Chinese mole shrews | Anourosorex squamipes |
Doucet's musk shrews | Crocidura douceti |
dusky shrews | Sorex monticolus |
Eurasian pygmy shrews | Sorex minutus |
Eurasian common shrews | Sorex Araneus |
Eurasian water shrews | Neomys fodiens |
flat-skulled shrews | Sorex roboratus |
Geata mouse shrews | Myosorex geata |
Goliath shrews | Crocidura goliath |
greater forest shrews | Sylvisorex ollula |
greater white-toothed shrews | Crocidura russula |
Kilimanjaro mouse shrews | Myosorex zinki |
large-headed shrews | Crocidura grandiceps |
Laxmann's shrews | Sorex caecutiens |
lesser red musk shrews | Crocidura hirta |
long-clawed shrews | Sorex unguiculatus |
masked shrews | Sorex cinereus |
Millet's shrews | Sorex coronatus |
northern short-tailed shrews | Blarina brevicauda |
Olivier's shrews | Crocidura olivieri guineensis |
stripe-backed shrews | Sorex cylindricauda |
Taiwanese mole shrews | Anourosorex yamashinai |
Ussuri white-toothed shrews | Crocidura lasiura |
Valais shrews | Sorex antinorii |
West African pygmy shrews | Crocidura obscurior |
Family | Genus | Virus | Zoonotic Potential | Year / Country / Host Species |
Paramyxoviridae | Henipavirus | Langya virus | Infects humans and some other mammals | 2022 / China / Crocidura lasiura, Crocidura shantungensis [10] |
Paramyxoviridae | Henipavirus | Gamak virus | Unknown | 2021 / China / Crocidura lasiura, Crocidura shantungensis [11] |
Paramyxoviridae | Henipavirus | Daeryong virus | Unknown | 2021 / China / Crocidura lasiura, Crocidura shantungensis [11] |
Paramyxoviridae | Henipavirus | Melian virus | Unknown | 2022 / Guinea / Crocidura grandiceps [12] |
Paramyxoviridae | Henipavirus | Denwin virus | Unknown | 2022 / Belgium / Crocidura russula [12] |
Paramyxoviridae | Henipavirus | Ninorex virus | Unknown | 2023 / Belgian / Sorex minutus [13] |
Paramyxoviridae | Jeilongvirus | Beilong virus | Unknown | 2019 / China / Crocidura shantungensis, Suncus murinus [14] |
Hantaviridae | Mobatvirus | Lena mobatvirus | Unknown | 2021 / Siberian and Russia / Sorex caecutiens, Sorex roboratus [17] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Asikkala virus | Unknown | 2010 / Finland / Sorex minutus [18] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Bowé virus | Unknown | 2012 / Guinea / Crocidura douceti [19] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Cao Bang virus | Unknown | 2006 / China / Anourosorex squamipes [20] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Imjin virus | Unknown | 2009 / South Korea / Crocidura lasiura [21] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Jeju virus | Unknown | 2012 / South Korea / Crocidura lasiura [22] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Kenkeme virus | Unknown | 2010 / Sakha Republic, Siberia / Sorex roboratus [23] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Seewis virus | Unknown | 2006 / Switzerland / Sorex araneus [24] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Yakeshi virus | Unknown | 2013 / China / Sorex unguiculatus [25] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Lianghe virus | Unknown | 2013 / China / Anourosorex squamipes [25] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Seoul virus | Infects humans | 2014 / China / Crocidura lasiura [26] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Altai virus | Unknown | 2007 / Altai Republic / Sorex araneus [27] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Artybash virus | Unknown | 2006 / Altai Republic / Sorex caecutiens [28] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Xinyi virus | Unknown | 2016 / Chian / Anourosorex yamashinai [29] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Ash River virus | Unknown | 2008 / United States / Sorex cinereus, Sorex monticolus [30] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Camp Ripley virus | Unknown | 2007 / United States / Blarina brevicauda [31] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Boginia virus | Unknown | 2013 / Poland / Neomys fodiens [32] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Azagny virus | Unknown | 2011 / Côte d'Ivoire / Crocidura obscurior [33] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Puumala virus | Unknown | 2014 / Finland / Sorex araneus [34] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Kilimanjaro virus | Unknown | 2014 / West Africa / Myosorex geata [35] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Uluguru virus | Unknown | 2014 / West Africa / Myosorex zinki [35] |
Hantaviridae | Orthohantavirus | Qian hu shan virus | Unknown | 2014 / China / Sorex cylindricauda [36] |
Hantaviridae | Thottimvirus | Thottapalayam virus | Unknown | 1965 / India / Suncus murinus [37] |
Sedoreoviridae | Rotavirus | Rotavirus A | Infects humans | 2016 / China / Suncus murinus [40] |
Sedoreoviridae | Orbivirus | Bluetongue virus | Unknown | 1994 / Africa / unknown shrew species [41] |
Parvoviridae | Protoparvovirus | Bufavirus | Infects humans | 2015 / Zambia / Crocidura hirta [44] |
Parvoviridae | Bocaparvovirus | porcine bocavirus G4 | Infects pigs | 2019 / China / Suncus murinus [45] |
Parvoviridae | Dependoparvovirus | adeno-associated virus | Unknown | 2020 / China / Suncus murinus [46] |
Nairoviridae | Orthonairovirus | Lamusara virus | Unknown | 2022 / Gabon / Crocidura sp. [49] |
Nairoviridae | Orthonairovirus | Lamgora virus | Unknown | 2022 / Gabon / Crocidura sp. [49] |
Nairoviridae | Orthonairovirus | Erve virus | Unknown | 1989 / France / Crocidura russula [50] |
Nairoviridae | Orthonairovirus | Thiafora virus | Unknown | 2015 / Senegal / Crocidura sp. [51] |
Nairoviridae | Orthonairovirus | Cencurut virus | Unknown | 2023 / Singapore / Suncus murinus [52] |
Coronaviridae | Alphacoronavirus | Wencheng shrew virus | Unknown | 2017 / China / Suncus murinus [55] |
Coronaviridae | Alphacoronavirus | unnamed shrew coronavirus | Unknown | 2016 / United Kingdom / Sorex araneus [56] |
Coronaviridae | Alphacoronavirus | common shrew coronavirus Tibet-2014 | Unknown | 2014 / China / Sorex araneus [57] |
Flaviviridae | Orthoflavivirus | Usutu virus | Infects birds, arthropods, humans, bats, and horses | 2019 / Senegal / Crocidura sp. [60] |
Flaviviridae | Orthoflavivirus | Powassan virus type 2 | Infects humans and causes encephalitis | 2021 / United States / Blarina brevicauda [61] |
Flaviviridae | Orthoflavivirus | tick-borne encephalitis virus | Infects humans and causes encephalitis | 1967 / Slovakia / Sorex araneus [62] |
Flaviviridae | Orthoflavivirus | Japanese encephalitis virus | Infects humans and various domestic animals and causes human encephalitis | 1984 / Japan / Suncus murinus [63] |
Flaviviridae | Hepacivirus | Suncus murinus hepacivirus | Unknown | 2016 / China / Suncus murinus [64] |
Flaviviridae | Pegivirus | rat pegivirus | Infects humans and other animals without symptoms | 2020 / China / Suncus murinus [65] |
Arteriviridae | Muarterivirus | Olivier's shrew virus 1 | Unknown | 2018 / Guinea / Crocidura olivieri guineensis [67] |
Caliciviridae | Lagovirus | Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus | Infects rabbits | 2019 / Spain / Crocidura russula [68] |
Arenaviridae | Mammarenavirus | Wenzhou virus | Infects humans | 2015 / China / Suncus murinus [69,70] |
Arenaviridae | Mammarenavirus | lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus | Infects humans and various animals and dangerous to pregnant women and infants | 2021 / Gabon / Crocidura goliath [71] |
Bornaviridae | Orthobornavirus | Borna disease virus | Infects humans, horses, sheep, and various other mammals and causes encephalitis | 2006 / Switzerland / Crocidura leucodon [72] |
Circoviridae | Anellovirus | torque teno virus | Infects humans and causes various symptoms | 2018 / China / Suncus murinus [73] |
Picornaviridae | Parechovirus | Ljungan Virus | Infects humans and causes various symptoms | 2020 / Italy / Crocidura leucodon, Sorex antinorii [74] |
Picornaviridae | Hepatovirus | Hepatitis A virus | Unknown | 2015 / Germany / sorex araneus [75] |
Polyomaviridae | Betapolyomavirus | human polyomavirus 12 | Infects humans | 2017 / Germany, Norway / sorex Araneus, sorex coronatus, sorex minutus [76] |
Poxviridae | Orthopoxvirus | monkeypox virus | Infects humans and other primates | 2015 / Zambia, Congo / Crocidura spp. [77] |
Poxviridae | Orthopoxvirus | shrew cowpox virus | Unknown | 1998 / Norway / Sorex araneus [78] |
Astroviridae | Mamastrovirus | shrew astrovirus | Unknown | 2014 / China / Suncus murinus [79] |
Filoviridae | Ebolavirus | Ebola virus | Infects humans with a high case fatality rate | 1999 / Central Africa / Sylvisorex ollula [80] |
Phenuiviridae | Phlebovirus | severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus | Infects humans with a high case fatality rate | 2014 / China / Suncus murinus [81] |
Herpesviridae | Unknown | shrew herpesvirus | Unknown | 2018 / Central Africa / Crocidura spp. [55] |
Rhabdoviridae | Lyssavirus | Mokola virus | Unknown | 1968 / Nigeria / Crocidura spp. [82] |
Hepeviridae | Paslahepevirus | shrew hepatitis E virus | Unknown | 2013 / China / Suncus murinus [83] |
Hepadnaviridae | Orthohepadnavirus | shrew hepatitis B virus | Unknown | 2019 / China / Suncus murinus [84] |
Adenoviridae | Atadenovirus | Asian house shrew adenovirus | Unknown | 2016 / China / Suncus murinus [85] |
Adenoviridae | Atadenovirus | shrew adenovirus | Unknown | 2019 / Cameroon / Sylvisorex sp. [86] |
Spinareoviridae | Orthoreovirus | shrew orthoreovirus | Unknown | 2019 / Zambia / Crocidura hirta [87] |
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