Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Animal Models and Pathogenesis of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

Yutang Wang
* ORCID logo ,
Indu S. Panicker
,
Jack Anesi
,
Owen Sargisson
,
Benjamin Luke Atchison
,
Andreas JR Habenicht
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 19 December 2023 / Approved: 19 December 2023 / Online: 19 December 2023 (08:26:41 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Wang, Y.; Panicker, I.S.; Anesi, J.; Sargisson, O.; Atchison, B.; Habenicht, A.J.R. Animal Models, Pathogenesis, and Potential Treatment of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 901. Wang, Y.; Panicker, I.S.; Anesi, J.; Sargisson, O.; Atchison, B.; Habenicht, A.J.R. Animal Models, Pathogenesis, and Potential Treatment of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 901.

Abstract

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) has a prevalence of 0.16%-0.34% and an incidence of 7.6 per 100,000 person-years, accounting for 1%-2% of all deaths in Western countries. Currently, no effective pharmacological therapies have been identified to slow TAA development and prevent TAA rupture. Large TAAs are treated with open surgical repair and less invasive thoracic endovascular aortic repair, both of which have high perioperative mortality risk. Therefore, there is an urgent medical need to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying TAA development and rupture to develop new therapies. In this review, we summarize animal TAA models including recent developments in porcine and zebrafish models: porcine models can assess new therapeutic devices or intervention strategies in a large mammal and zebrafish models can employ large-scale small-molecule suppressor screening in microwells. The second part of the review covers current views of TAA pathogenesis, with a focus on the roles of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) pathway and the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-elastin-contractile unit. The last part discusses TAA treatment options as they emerge from recent preclinical studies.

Keywords

Marfan syndrome; β-aminopropionitrile; calcium chloride; elastase; angiotensin II

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Life Sciences

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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