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Acetylation and Phosphorylation in the Regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors Activities: Additional Options to Modulate Adaptations to Changes in Oxygen Levels
Minisini, M.; Cricchi, E.; Brancolini, C. Acetylation and Phosphorylation in the Regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Activities: Additional Options to Modulate Adaptations to Changes in Oxygen Levels. Life2024, 14, 20.
Minisini, M.; Cricchi, E.; Brancolini, C. Acetylation and Phosphorylation in the Regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Activities: Additional Options to Modulate Adaptations to Changes in Oxygen Levels. Life 2024, 14, 20.
Minisini, M.; Cricchi, E.; Brancolini, C. Acetylation and Phosphorylation in the Regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Activities: Additional Options to Modulate Adaptations to Changes in Oxygen Levels. Life2024, 14, 20.
Minisini, M.; Cricchi, E.; Brancolini, C. Acetylation and Phosphorylation in the Regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Activities: Additional Options to Modulate Adaptations to Changes in Oxygen Levels. Life 2024, 14, 20.
Abstract
O2 is essential for the life of eukaryotic cells. The ability to sense oxygen availability and initiate a response to adapt the cell to changes in O2 levels is a fundamental achievement of evolution. The key switch for adaptation consists of the transcription factors HIF1A, HIF2A and HIF3A. Their levels are tightly controlled by O2 through the involvement of the oxygen-dependent prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzymes (PHDs/EGNLs), the von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor protein (pVHL) and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Furthermore, HIF1A and HIF2A are also under the control of additional post-translational modifications (PTMs) that positively or negatively regulate the activities of these transcription factors. This review focuses mainly on two PTMs of HIF1A and HIF2A: phosphorylation and acetylation.
Biology and Life Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
