Preprint Article Version 2 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

The Exometabolome of Xylella fastidiosa in Contact with Paraburkholderia phytofirmans Supernatant Reveals Changes in Nicotinamide, Amino Acids, Biotin, and Plant Hormones

Oseias R. Feitosa-Junior
* ORCID logo ,
Andrea Lubbe
,
Suzanne M. Kosina
,
Joaquim Martins-Junior
ORCID logo ,
Deibs Barbosa
,
Clelia Baccari
,
Paulo A. Zaini
ORCID logo ,
Benjamin P. Bowen
,
Trent R. Northen
,
Steven E. Lindow
,
Aline Maria Da Silva
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 29 November 2023 / Approved: 30 November 2023 / Online: 30 November 2023 (14:20:38 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 5 December 2023 / Approved: 6 December 2023 / Online: 7 December 2023 (09:16:15 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Feitosa-Junior, O.R.; Lubbe, A.; Kosina, S.M.; Martins-Junior, J.; Barbosa, D.; Baccari, C.; Zaini, P.A.; Bowen, B.P.; Northen, T.R.; Lindow, S.E.; da Silva, A.M. The Exometabolome of Xylella fastidiosa in Contact with Paraburkholderia phytofirmans Supernatant Reveals Changes in Nicotinamide, Amino Acids, Biotin, and Plant Hormones. Metabolites 2024, 14, 82. Feitosa-Junior, O.R.; Lubbe, A.; Kosina, S.M.; Martins-Junior, J.; Barbosa, D.; Baccari, C.; Zaini, P.A.; Bowen, B.P.; Northen, T.R.; Lindow, S.E.; da Silva, A.M. The Exometabolome of Xylella fastidiosa in Contact with Paraburkholderia phytofirmans Supernatant Reveals Changes in Nicotinamide, Amino Acids, Biotin, and Plant Hormones. Metabolites 2024, 14, 82.

Abstract

Microbial competition within plant tissues affects invading pathogens' fitness. Metabolomics is a great tool for studying their biochemical interactions by identifying accumulated metabolites. Xylella fastidiosa, a Gram-negative bacterium causing Pierce's disease (PD) in grapevines, secretes various virulence factors including cell wall degrading enzymes, adhesion proteins, and quorum sensing molecules. These factors, along with outer membrane vesicles, contribute to its pathogenicity. Previous studies demonstrated that co-inoculating X. fastidiosa with Paraburkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN suppressed PD symptoms. Here, we further investigated the interaction between the phytopathogen and the endophyte by analyzing the exometabolome of wild-type X. fastidiosa and a diffusible signaling factor (DSF) mutant lacking quorum sensing, cultivated with 20% P. phytofirmans spent media. LC-MS and MAGI were used to detect and map metabolites to genomes revealing a total of 121 metabolites, of which 25 were further investigated. These metabolites potentially relate to host adaptation, virulence, and pathogenicity. Notably, this study presents the first comprehensive profile of X. fastidiosa in the presence of P. phytofirmans spent media. The results highlight that P. phytofirmans and the absence of a functional quorum sensing affect the ratios of glutamine to glutamate (Gln:Glu) in X. fastidiosa. Additionally, two compounds with plant metabolism and growth properties, 2-Aminoisobutyric acid and Gibberellic Acid, were downregulated when X. fastidiosa interacted with P. phytofirmans. These findings suggest that P. phytofirmans-mediated disease suppression involves modulation of the exometabolome of X. fastidiosa, impacting plant immunity.

Keywords

Xylella fastidiosa; Paraburkholderia phytofirmans; metabolomics; phytopathogen; liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry; MAGI

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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