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Phytoremediation of Diesel-Contaminated Farming Soils: A Gc-Ms-Based Protocol to Distinguish Biogenic Hydrocarbons from Diesel-Derived Compounds in Plant Tissues
Collina, E.; Casati, E.; Franzetti, A.; Caronni, S.; Gentili, R.; Citterio, S. Analysis of Petrogenic Hydrocarbons in Plant Tissues: A Simple GC-MS-Based Protocol to Distinguish Biogenic Hydrocarbons from Diesel-Derived Compounds. Plants2024, 13, 298.
Collina, E.; Casati, E.; Franzetti, A.; Caronni, S.; Gentili, R.; Citterio, S. Analysis of Petrogenic Hydrocarbons in Plant Tissues: A Simple GC-MS-Based Protocol to Distinguish Biogenic Hydrocarbons from Diesel-Derived Compounds. Plants 2024, 13, 298.
Collina, E.; Casati, E.; Franzetti, A.; Caronni, S.; Gentili, R.; Citterio, S. Analysis of Petrogenic Hydrocarbons in Plant Tissues: A Simple GC-MS-Based Protocol to Distinguish Biogenic Hydrocarbons from Diesel-Derived Compounds. Plants2024, 13, 298.
Collina, E.; Casati, E.; Franzetti, A.; Caronni, S.; Gentili, R.; Citterio, S. Analysis of Petrogenic Hydrocarbons in Plant Tissues: A Simple GC-MS-Based Protocol to Distinguish Biogenic Hydrocarbons from Diesel-Derived Compounds. Plants 2024, 13, 298.
Abstract
Diesel contamination of farming soils is of great concern because hydrocarbons are toxic to all forms of life and can potentially enter the food web through crops or plants used for remediation. Data on plant ability to uptake, translocate and accumulate diesel-derived compounds are controversial not only due to the probable diverse attitude of plant species but also because of the lack of a reliable method to distinguish petrogenic from biogenic compounds in plant tissues. The purpose of this study was to set up a GC-MS-based protocol enabling the determination of diesel-derived hydrocarbons in plants grown in contaminated soil for assessing human and ecological risks, predicting phytoremediation effectiveness and biomass disposal. To this aim two plant species Vicia sativa L. and Secale cereale L., belonging to two diverse vascular plant families, were used as plant models. They were grown in soil spiked with increasing concentrations of diesel fuel and the produced biomass was used to set up the hydrocarbon extraction and GC-MSD analysis. The developed protocol was also applied to the analysis of Typha latifolia L. plants, belonging to a different botanical family and grown in a long-time and highly contaminated natural soil. Results showed the possibility of distinguishing diesel-derived compounds from biogenic hydrocarbons in most terrestrial vascular plants, just considering the total diesel compounds in the n-alkanes carbon range C10-C26, where the interference of biogenic compounds is negligible. Diesel hydrocarbons quantification in plant tissues was strongly correlated (0.92<r2<0.99) to the concentration of diesel in spiked soils, suggesting a general ability of the considered plant species to adsorb and translocate relative low amounts of diesel hydrocarbons and the reliability of the developed protocol.
Biology and Life Sciences, Biology and Biotechnology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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