Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Exploring the Potential of Exosomal Biomarkers in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-concussion Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Ioannis Mavroudis
ORCID logo ,
Sidra JABEEN
,
Ioana Miruna Balmus
,
Alin Ciobica
* ,
Vasile Burlui
,
Laura Romila
* ,
Alin Iordache
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 23 November 2023 / Approved: 24 November 2023 / Online: 24 November 2023 (11:27:49 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Mavroudis, I.; Jabeen, S.; Balmus, I.M.; Ciobica, A.; Burlui, V.; Romila, L.; Iordache, A. Exploring the Potential of Exosomal Biomarkers in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Concussion Syndrome: A Systematic Review. J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14, 35. Mavroudis, I.; Jabeen, S.; Balmus, I.M.; Ciobica, A.; Burlui, V.; Romila, L.; Iordache, A. Exploring the Potential of Exosomal Biomarkers in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Concussion Syndrome: A Systematic Review. J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14, 35.

Abstract

Background: Alongside their long-term effects - post-concussion syndrome (PCS) - mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) are significant public health concerns. Currently, there is a lack of reliable biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring mTBI and PCS. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells that have recently emerged as a potential source of biomarkers for mTBI and PCS due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and reflect the pathophysiology of brain injury. This study aimed to investigate the role of salivary exosomal biomarkers in mTBI and PCS. Methods: A systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines was conducted, and studies were selected based on their relevance to the topic. Results: Studies have shown that exosomal tau, phosphorylated tau (p-tau), amyloid beta (Aβ), and microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers for mTBI and PCS. Specifically, elevated levels of exosomal tau and p-tau have been associated with mTBI and PCS, as well as with repetitive mTBI. Dysregulated exosomal miRNAs have also been observed in individuals with mTBI and PCS. Additionally, exosomal Prion cellular protein (PRPc), coagulation factor XIII (XIIIa), synaptogyrin-3, IL-6, and aquaporins have been identified as promising biomarkers for mTBI and PCS. Conclusion: Salivary exosomal biomarkers have the potential to serve as non-invasive and easily accessible diagnostic and prognostic tools for mTBI and PCS. Further studies are needed to validate these biomarkers and to develop standardized protocols for their use in clinical settings. Salivary exosomal biomarkers can improve the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of mTBI and PCS, leading to improved patient outcomes.

Keywords

mild traumatic brain injury; post-concussion syndrome; exosomes; salivary biomarkers

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Neurology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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