de Macedo Filho, L.; Figueredo, L.F.; Villegas-Gomez, G.A.; Arthur, M.; Pedraza-Ciro, M.C.; Martins, H.; Kanawati Neto, J.; Hawryluk, G.J.; Amorim, R.L.O. Pathophysiology-Based Management of Secondary Injuries and Insults in TBI. Biomedicines2024, 12, 520.
de Macedo Filho, L.; Figueredo, L.F.; Villegas-Gomez, G.A.; Arthur, M.; Pedraza-Ciro, M.C.; Martins, H.; Kanawati Neto, J.; Hawryluk, G.J.; Amorim, R.L.O. Pathophysiology-Based Management of Secondary Injuries and Insults in TBI. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 520.
de Macedo Filho, L.; Figueredo, L.F.; Villegas-Gomez, G.A.; Arthur, M.; Pedraza-Ciro, M.C.; Martins, H.; Kanawati Neto, J.; Hawryluk, G.J.; Amorim, R.L.O. Pathophysiology-Based Management of Secondary Injuries and Insults in TBI. Biomedicines2024, 12, 520.
de Macedo Filho, L.; Figueredo, L.F.; Villegas-Gomez, G.A.; Arthur, M.; Pedraza-Ciro, M.C.; Martins, H.; Kanawati Neto, J.; Hawryluk, G.J.; Amorim, R.L.O. Pathophysiology-Based Management of Secondary Injuries and Insults in TBI. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 520.
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among all ages; despite the advances, understanding pathophysiological responses after TBI is still complex, involving multiple mechanisms. Previous reviews have focused on potential targets; however, the research on potential targets has continuously grown in the last five years, bringing even more alternatives and elucidating previous mechanisms. Knowing the key and updated pathophysiology concepts is vital for adequate management and better outcomes. This article reviews the underlying molecular mechanisms, the latest updates, and future directions for pathophysiology-based TBI management.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Neurology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
