Altmetrics
Downloads
282
Views
178
Comments
0
This version is not peer-reviewed
Submitted:
01 November 2023
Posted:
09 November 2023
You are already at the latest version
APIs: | Active pharmaceutical ingredients |
BCC: | Basal Cell Carcinoma |
BSTI | Baumann Skin Type Index |
BSTS | Baumann Skin Type System |
CIR: | Cosmetic Ingredient Review |
CMCS: | carboxymethyl chitosan |
CO2: | Carbon dioxide |
DRNT | Dry, Resistant, Non-Pigmented, Tight skin |
DRNW: | Dry-Resistant Non-Pigmented Wrinkled |
DRPT | Dry, Resistant, Pigmented, Tight skin |
DRPW: | Dry-Resistant Pigmented Wrinkled |
DSNT | Dry, Sensitive, Non-Pigmented, Tight skin |
DSNW | Dry, Sensitive, Non-Pigmented, Wrinkle-Prone skin |
DSPT | Dry, Sensitive, Pigmented, Wrinkle-Prone/Tight skin |
DSPW | Dry, Sensitive, Pigmented, Wrinkle-Prone skin |
EC: | ethyl cellulose |
FDA: | US Food and Drug Administration |
HA: | Hyaluronic acid |
INCI: | International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients |
nm: | Nanometre |
NMF: | natural moisturising factor |
NPA: | Natural Products Association |
O/W/O: | Oil-in-water-in-oil |
O/W: | Oil-in-water |
ORNW: | Oily, Resistant, Non-Pigmented, Wrinkle-Prone skin |
ORPT: | Oily, Resistant, Pigmented, Tight skin |
ORPW: | Oily, Resistant, Pigmented, Wrinkle-Prone skin |
OSNT: | Oily, Sensitive, Non-Pigmented, Tight skin |
OSNW: | Oily, Sensitive, Non-Pigmented, Wrinkle-Prone skin |
OSPT: | Oily, Sensitive, Pigmented, Tight skin |
OSPW: | Oily, Sensitive, Pigmented, Wrinkle-Prone skin |
OTC: | Over-the-counter |
PAR-2: | Protease-activated receptor-2 |
PCL: | polycaprolactone |
PEG: | Polyethylene Glycol |
pH: | potential of hydrogen |
PLA: | Poly (lactic acid) |
PLA: | Polylactic acid |
PVA: | Polyvinyl alcohol |
PVP: | Polyvinylpyrrolidone |
SA: | Sodium alginate |
SC: | Stratum Corneum |
SCC: | Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
SLES: | Sodium lauryl ether sulphate |
SLS: | Sodium lauryl sulphate |
SPF: | Sun Protection Factor |
TEWL: | Trans-epidermal Water Loss |
UV: | Ultraviolet |
UVA: | Ultraviolet A |
UVB: | Ultraviolet B |
VOC: | Volatile Organic CompoundFormun Üstü |
W/O/W: | Water-in-oil-in-water |
W/O: | Water-in-oil |
Skin Type | Active Ingredient | Benefits | References |
---|---|---|---|
Dry skin | Aloe vera | Moisturises and soothes dry skin and helps restore the natural skin moisture barrier. | [30] |
Chamomile | It has anti-inflammatory properties and soothes dry, irritated skin. | [31] | |
Calendula | Helps to hydrate and heal dry, damaged skin. | [32] | |
Lavender | Has calming properties and soothes dry, itchy skin. | [33] | |
Coconut oil | Has moisturising properties and helps to soothe and hydrate dry skin. | [34] | |
Jojoba oil | Helps to moisturise dry skin without leaving a greasy residue | [35] | |
Shea butter | Has deeply moisturising properties, helps to soothe and nourish dry skin | [36] | |
Olive oil | Contains antioxidants and moisturising properties, helps to hydrate and protect dry skin | [37] | |
Rosehip oil | Contains essential fatty acids and vitamin A, helps to hydrate and rejuvenate dry skin | [38] | |
Witch hazel | Has astringent properties, helps to tighten and tone dry, ageing skin | [39] | |
Normal skin | Niacinamide | Helps improve skin texture and tone, reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and strengthens the skin barrier | [40] |
Vitamin C | Helps brighten and even out skin tone, promotes collagen synthesis, and protects against environmental damage | [41] | |
Hyaluronic acid | Provides deep hydration and helps retain moisture in the skin, improving skin elasticity and firmness. | [42] | |
Green tea extract | Has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, helps protect against UV damage, and promotes healthy skin ageing | [43] | |
Retinoids | Helps stimulate collagen production, improves skin texture and tone, and reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles | [44] | |
Oily skin | Salicylic acid | Helps unclog pores, reduces oiliness, and prevents breakouts | [45] |
Tea tree oil | Has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, helps reduce acne and oiliness | [46] | |
Zinc | Helps regulate sebum production, has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, and promotes wound healing. | [47] | |
Witch hazel | Has astringent properties that can help tighten and tone oily skin, reduces inflammation and irritation | [39] | |
Combination | Niacinamide | Helps regulate sebum production, improves skin texture and tone, and strengthens the skin barrier. | [40] |
Hyaluronic acid | Provides deep hydration to dry areas while being lightweight enough not to exacerbate oiliness in the T-zone | [42] | |
Vitamin C | Helps brighten and even out skin tone, promotes collagen synthesis, and protects against environmental damage | [41] | |
Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) | Help exfoliate dead skin cells, improve skin texture and tone, and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. | [40] | |
Jojoba oil | A similar structure to the natural skin sebum helps regulate oil production and hydrates dry areas. | [35] |
Electrospun polymers | Ingredients | Benefits for skin | Personal Care Category | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Silk fibroin | Lanolin | Occlusive, emollient | Lipophilic | [150,151,152] |
Chitosan, PVA | Glycerine | Anti-inflammatory, barrier recovery | Humectant, moisturiser | [153,154,155] |
Chitosan, Gelatin, and PVA | Hyaluronic Acid | Humectant, anti-aging | Humectant, moisturiser | [42,156] |
Silk fibroin | Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid/Dexpanthenol) | Hydration, barrier protection, reduction of trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), fibroblast stimulation, and re-epithelialisation. | Humectant, emollient, antiinflammatory | [157,158,159,160] |
PVA, Gelatin | Urea | Anti-inflammatory, hydrating, keratolytic | Humectant, emollient | [161,162] |
Chitosan,Gelatin, and PVA | Aloesin | Tyrosinase inhibition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | Depigmenting, sun protective (UVB) | [163,164] |
PVA | Hydroquinone | Tyrosinase inhibition | Depigmenting, brightening, lightening | [165,166] |
Chitosan | Emblica Extract | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antitumor, chemo-preventive, hepatoprotective, analgesic, antibacterial | Depigmenting, anti-ageing, sunscreen | [167,168,169,170] |
PVA, PCL, Chitosan | Mulberry Extract | Antityrosinase, antihyperglycemic, antitumorigenic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antioxidant, anti-atherogenic, antimicrobial chemo-preventive, neuro-protective | Depigmenting | [171,172,173] |
PVA | Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) | Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, photo-protectant, depigmenting | Depigmenting | [174,175,176] |
PVA | Niacinamide | PAR-2 inhibition, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-ageing, photoprotective | Depigmenting, exfoliant | [171,177,178] |
PVA, Chitosan | Green Tea | Antioxidant, anti-ageing, antiacne, antiangiogenic, anticarcinogenic, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, chemo-preventive, immunomodulatory,2photoprotective | Anti-ageing, moisturising, antiacne, anogenital wart treatment | [43,179,180] |
PVA.Chitosan | Rosa Damascena | Antioxidant, antibacterial, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and anxiolytic | Antioxidant | [181,182] |
PVA, PLGA | Pycnogenol | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, photoprotective, antimicrobial | Anti-inflammatory, hydrating | [183,184,185] |
PVA, PLGA | Resveratrol | Antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antitumorigenic, anti-tyrosinase, cardioprotective | Anti-ageing, anticancer | [186] |
PVA, PLGA.Chitosan | Flaxseed Oil | Antioxidant, anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic | Antioxidant, anti-ageing | [187,188,189] |
PVA, PLGA | Caffeic Acid | Antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, immunostimulatory, neuroprotective, photoprotective | Antioxidant, anti-ageing | [190,191,192,193] |
PLGA.PEO | Ferulic Acid | Antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, photoprotective, skin lightening | Antioxidant, anti-ageing, photoprotection | [192,194,195] |
Cellulose acetate | Tocopherol (Vitamin E) | Antioxidant, photoprotection, wound healing | Antioxidant, moisturising, anti-ageing | [196,197,198] |
Chitosan, PVA | Ginger | Antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antinausea, wound healing | Antioxidant, analgesic, photo-protectant | [199,200,201] |
Hyaluronic acid, PEO | Honey/Propolis/Royal Jelly | Analgesic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumor, antiseptic, antipyretic, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory |
Antioxidant, anti-ageing, photoprotection, antiseptic, wound healing | [202,203,204,205] |
Chitosan, Polycaprolactone,PVA | Melatonin | Antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, immunomodulatory | Antioxidant, anti-ageing | [206,207,208] |
Pullulan | Aloe Vera | Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, laxative, wound healing | Moisturising, soothing, cooling, burning and wound healing | [30,209,210] |
Polyurethane, Gelatin | Lavandula | Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, anti-colic, antispasmodic, antidepressant, sedative | Soothing, sedating, anti-inflammatory, analgesic | [211,212,213,214] |
PLA | Salicylic Acid | Anti-inflammatory, pore cleansing | Cleansing, antiacne, pore minimising, exfoliating | [215,216] |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated