Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Green Extraction Techniques of Phytochemicals from Hedera helix L and in vitro Characterization of the Extracts

Adina I. Gavrila
ORCID logo ,
Christina M. Zalaru
,
Rodica Tatia
ORCID logo ,
Ana-Maria Seciu-Grama
ORCID logo ,
Cristina L. Negrea
ORCID logo ,
Ioan Calinescu
,
Petre Chipurici
,
Adrian Trifan
,
Ioana Popa
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 6 November 2023 / Approved: 7 November 2023 / Online: 7 November 2023 (17:01:04 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Gavrila, A.I.; Zalaru, C.M.; Tatia, R.; Seciu-Grama, A.-M.; Negrea, C.L.; Calinescu, I.; Chipurici, P.; Trifan, A.; Popa, I. Green Extraction Techniques of Phytochemicals from Hedera helix L. and In Vitro Characterization of the Extracts. Plants 2023, 12, 3908. Gavrila, A.I.; Zalaru, C.M.; Tatia, R.; Seciu-Grama, A.-M.; Negrea, C.L.; Calinescu, I.; Chipurici, P.; Trifan, A.; Popa, I. Green Extraction Techniques of Phytochemicals from Hedera helix L. and In Vitro Characterization of the Extracts. Plants 2023, 12, 3908.

Abstract

Phytochemicals from Hedera helix L. lead to extracts with good biological properties which are beneficial to human health and can be used to protect plants against different diseases. The aim of this research was to find the most suitable extraction method and the most favorable parameters for different bioactive compounds extraction from ivy leaves. Different extraction methods, namely microwave assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE), and conventional heating extraction (CHE), were used. The most suitable method for saponins extraction is MAE with an extraction efficiency of 58%, while for carbohydrates and polyphenols the best results were achieved by UAE with an extraction efficiency of 61.7% and 63.5%, respectively. The antioxidant activity (AA) of the extracts was also determined. The highest AA was obtained by UAE (368.98±9.01 µmol TR/gDM). Better results were achieved at 50 °C for 10 min of extraction, using 80% ethanol in water as solvent. In order to evaluate their in vitro cytotoxicity, the extracts richest in bioactive compounds were tested on NCTC fibroblasts. Their influence on the DNA content of RAW 264.7 murine macrophages was also tested. Until 200 µg/mL, the extracts obtained by UAE and MAE were cytocompatible with NCTC fibroblasts at 48 h of treatment.

Keywords

microwave; ultrasound; saponins; carbohydrates; polyphenols; antioxidant activity; in vitro cytotoxicity.

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Biology and Biotechnology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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