Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Blood Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease and Cognition: A Literature Review.

Greta García-Escobar
,
Rosa-María Manero-Borràs
,
Aida Fernández-Lebrero
,
Ángel Ois
* ORCID logo ,
Irene Navalpotro-Gómez
,
Victor Puente-Periz
,
Jose Contador
,
Isabel Estragués-Gazques
,
Albert Puig-Pijoan
,
Joan Jimenez-Balado
Version 1 : Received: 1 November 2023 / Approved: 1 November 2023 / Online: 1 November 2023 (12:00:12 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Garcia-Escobar, G.; Manero, R.M.; Fernández-Lebrero, A.; Ois, A.; Navalpotro-Gómez, I.; Puente-Periz, V.; Contador-Muñana, J.; Estragués-Gazquez, I.; Puig-Pijoan, A.; Jiménez-Balado, J. Blood Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognition: A Literature Review. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 93. Garcia-Escobar, G.; Manero, R.M.; Fernández-Lebrero, A.; Ois, A.; Navalpotro-Gómez, I.; Puente-Periz, V.; Contador-Muñana, J.; Estragués-Gazquez, I.; Puig-Pijoan, A.; Jiménez-Balado, J. Blood Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognition: A Literature Review. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 93.

Abstract

Blood biomarkers represent a promising future for studying cognitive impairment, particularly in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), as they offer a non-invasive alternative to cerebrospinal fluid tests and have potential as population screening tools. However, the relationships between these biomarkers and specific cognitive functions, as well as their utility in predicting longitudinal cognitive decline, are not yet fully understood. This descriptive review surveys the literature from 2018 to 2023, focusing on the associations between Amyloid-β, Total Tau, Phosphorylated Tau (p-tau), Neurofilament Light (Nfl), and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) with cognition. The reviewed studies are heterogeneous, varying in design and population (mixed, cognitively impaired, or unimpaired), and show results that are sometimes conflicting. Generally, cognition positively correlates with Aβ levels, especially when evaluated through the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. In contrast, Tau, Nfl, and GFAP levels typically show a negative correlation with cognitive performance. While p-tau measures tend to show stronger associations with cognitive functions than other biomarkers, no single blood marker has emerged as predominantly associated with a specific cognitive domain. These findings add to our understanding of the complex relationship between blood biomarkers and cognitive performance and underscore their potential utility in clinical evaluations of cognition.

Keywords

Alzheimer’s disease; Cognitive Impairment; Blood biomarkers; Cognitive functions; Cognition.

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Neurology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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