Matija, L.R.; Stankovic, I.M.; Puric, M.; Miličić, M.; Maksimović-Ivanić, D.; Mijatovic, S.; Krajnović, T.; Gordic, V.; Koruga, D.L. The Second Derivative of Fullerene C60 (SD-C60) and Biomolecular Machinery of Hydrogen Bonds: Water-Based Nanomedicine. Micromachines2023, 14, 2152.
Matija, L.R.; Stankovic, I.M.; Puric, M.; Miličić, M.; Maksimović-Ivanić, D.; Mijatovic, S.; Krajnović, T.; Gordic, V.; Koruga, D.L. The Second Derivative of Fullerene C60 (SD-C60) and Biomolecular Machinery of Hydrogen Bonds: Water-Based Nanomedicine. Micromachines 2023, 14, 2152.
Matija, L.R.; Stankovic, I.M.; Puric, M.; Miličić, M.; Maksimović-Ivanić, D.; Mijatovic, S.; Krajnović, T.; Gordic, V.; Koruga, D.L. The Second Derivative of Fullerene C60 (SD-C60) and Biomolecular Machinery of Hydrogen Bonds: Water-Based Nanomedicine. Micromachines2023, 14, 2152.
Matija, L.R.; Stankovic, I.M.; Puric, M.; Miličić, M.; Maksimović-Ivanić, D.; Mijatovic, S.; Krajnović, T.; Gordic, V.; Koruga, D.L. The Second Derivative of Fullerene C60 (SD-C60) and Biomolecular Machinery of Hydrogen Bonds: Water-Based Nanomedicine. Micromachines 2023, 14, 2152.
Abstract
The human body contains 60-70% of water, depending on age. As a body fluid, it is not only a medium in which physical and chemical processes take place, but it is also one of the active mediators. Water is the richest substance with non-covalent hydrogen bonds. Water molecules, by themselves (in vacuum), are diamagnetic, but when organized into clusters, become diamagnetic or paramagnetic. Also, biomolecules (DNA, collagen, clathrin, and other proteins) have non-covalent hydrogen bonds in their structure. The interaction, as well as signal transmission, between water and biomolecules is achieved through the vibrations of covalent and non-covalent hydrogen bonds, which determine the state and dynamics of conformational changes of biomolecules. Disruptive conformational changes of biomolecules, cells, and tissues lead to their dysfunctionality, so they are a frequent cause of many disorders and diseases. For example, the rearrangement of hydrogen bonding due to mitochondrial disease mutation in cytochrome bc1 disturbs heme bH redox potential and spin state. In order to prevent and repair the dysfunctional conformational changes, a liquid substance was developed based on the second derivative of the C60 molecule (SD-C60), which has classical and quantum properties. Characterization of SD-C60 by UV-VIS-NIR, FTIR, TEM, and AFM/MFM was done and it is shown that SD-C60 water layers generate vibrations with near-zero phase dispersion which are transmitted through the Fibonacci’s water chains to biomolecules. In comparison to previously published SD-C60 derivate (3HFWC, size until 10 nm, and 1-5 water layers), improved formulation (3HFWC-W, size 10-25 nm, and 6-9 water layers) showed multiplied cytotoxic activity against melanoma cell lines of different aggressiveness. Apart from this, the mode of action was preserved and based on induction of senescence rather than cell death. Importantly, high selectivity toward malignant phenotype was detected. Observed effects can be ascribed to a machinery of hydrogen bonds, which are generated in SD-C60 and transmitted through water to biomolecules. This approach may open a new field in science and healthcare - a “water-based nanomedicine”.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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