Weber, J.-N.; Minner-Meinen, R.; Kaufholdt, D. The Mechanisms of Molybdate Distribution and Homeostasis with Special Focus on the Model Plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecules2024, 29, 40.
Weber, J.-N.; Minner-Meinen, R.; Kaufholdt, D. The Mechanisms of Molybdate Distribution and Homeostasis with Special Focus on the Model Plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecules 2024, 29, 40.
Weber, J.-N.; Minner-Meinen, R.; Kaufholdt, D. The Mechanisms of Molybdate Distribution and Homeostasis with Special Focus on the Model Plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecules2024, 29, 40.
Weber, J.-N.; Minner-Meinen, R.; Kaufholdt, D. The Mechanisms of Molybdate Distribution and Homeostasis with Special Focus on the Model Plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecules 2024, 29, 40.
Abstract
This review article deals with the pathways of cellular and global molybdate distribution in plants, especially with a full overview for the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In its oxidized state as bioavailable molybdate, molybdenum can be absorbed from the environment. Especially in higher plants, molybdenum is indispensable as part of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco), which is responsible for functionality as a prosthetic group in a variety of essential enzymes like nitrate reductase and sulfite oxidase. Therefore, plants need mechanisms for molybdate import and transport within the organism, which is accomplished via high-affinity molybdate transporter (MOT) localized in different cells and membranes. Two different MOT-families were identified. Especially legumes like Glycine max or Medicago truncatula have an increased numbers of MOT1-family members for supplying their symbionts with molybdate for nitrogenase activity. In Arabidopsis thaliana especially, the complete way of molybdate through the plant is traceable. Not only the uptake from soil by MOT1.1 and its distribution to leaves, flowers and seeds by MOT2-family members was identified, but also inside the cell
the transport trough the cytoplasm and the vacuolar storage mechanisms depending on glutathione were described. Finally, supplying the Moco biosynthesis complex by MOT1.2 and MOT2.1 was demonstrated.
Keywords
Molybdate Transporters; Metal homeostasis in plants; Molybdate distribution; Molybdenum Cofactor; Arabidopsis thaliana
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Plant Sciences
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
