Reappraisal of the Concept of Accelerated Aging in Neurodegeneration and Beyond

Yauhen Statsenko; Nik V. Kuznetsov; Daria Morozova; Katsiaryna Liaonchyk; Gillian Lylian Simiyu; Darya Smetanina; Aidar Kashapov; Sarah Meribout; Klaus Neidl-Van Gorkom; Rifat Hamoudi; Fatima Ismail; Suraiya Anjum Ansari; Bright Starling Emerald; Milos Ljubisavljevic

doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0626.v1

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preprints.org > medicine and pharmacology > neuroscience and neurology > doi: 10.20944/preprints202310.0626.v1

Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Reappraisal of the Concept of Accelerated Aging in Neurodegeneration and Beyond

^* ,

Gillian Lylian Simiyu

Darya Smetanina

Aidar Kashapov

Sarah Meribout

Klaus Neidl-Van Gorkom

Rifat Hamoudi

Fatima Ismail

Suraiya Anjum Ansari

Bright Starling Emerald

Milos Ljubisavljevic

Version 1 : Received: 9 October 2023 / Approved: 10 October 2023 / Online: 10 October 2023 (10:15:33 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Statsenko, Y.; Kuznetsov, N.V.; Morozova, D.; Liaonchyk, K.; Simiyu, G.L.; Smetanina, D.; Kashapov, A.; Meribout, S.; Gorkom, K.N.-V.; Hamoudi, R.; et al. Reappraisal of the Concept of Accelerated Aging in Neurodegeneration and Beyond. Cells 2023, 12, 2451, doi:10.3390/cells12202451. Statsenko, Y.; Kuznetsov, N.V.; Morozova, D.; Liaonchyk, K.; Simiyu, G.L.; Smetanina, D.; Kashapov, A.; Meribout, S.; Gorkom, K.N.-V.; Hamoudi, R.; et al. Reappraisal of the Concept of Accelerated Aging in Neurodegeneration and Beyond. Cells 2023, 12, 2451, doi:10.3390/cells12202451.

Abstract

Background: Aging rate is affected by genetic changes, epigenetic modifications, oxidative stress, inflammation, lifestyle and environmental factors. In accelerated aging (AA), biological age exceeds the chronological one. Objective: To undertake a critical reappraisal of the AA concept and to reveal its weaknesses and limitations. Methods: We reviewed over 300 recent articles dealing with physiology of brain aging and pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. Results: (1) Organ systems age at different rates, which interferes with application of the AA concept to individual organs. (2) Aging rate can be decelerated due to individual structure–functional reserves built with cognitive, physical training or pharmacological interventions. (3) The AA concept lacks standardised terminology and methodology. (4) Specific molecular biomarkers (MBM) reflect aging. To consolidate the AA theory, researchers should validate numerous MBM candidates. (5) Aging factors, mechanisms and the exact nature of their biological outcomes are not well understood. Conclusion: Although considered as a perspective theory, the AA concept has serious limitations and it requires an update.

Keywords

aging; accelerated aging; brain aging; neurodegeneration; epigenetics; biological clocks; molecular biomarkers; rejuvenation; structural reserves; functional reserves

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Neurology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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