Version 1
: Received: 3 October 2023 / Approved: 3 October 2023 / Online: 4 October 2023 (13:08:44 CEST)
How to cite:
Tasnim, N.; Ahmed, A.; Khan, N.; Deen, N. S. A Review on the Epidemiology and Mechanism of Actions of Olfactory Dysfunction as a Sequela of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Preprints2023, 2023100196. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.0196.v1
Tasnim, N.; Ahmed, A.; Khan, N.; Deen, N. S. A Review on the Epidemiology and Mechanism of Actions of Olfactory Dysfunction as a Sequela of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Preprints 2023, 2023100196. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.0196.v1
Tasnim, N.; Ahmed, A.; Khan, N.; Deen, N. S. A Review on the Epidemiology and Mechanism of Actions of Olfactory Dysfunction as a Sequela of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Preprints2023, 2023100196. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.0196.v1
APA Style
Tasnim, N., Ahmed, A., Khan, N., & Deen, N. S. (2023). A Review on the Epidemiology and Mechanism of Actions of Olfactory Dysfunction as a Sequela of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.0196.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Tasnim, N., Nabila Khan and Nadia Sultana Deen. 2023 "A Review on the Epidemiology and Mechanism of Actions of Olfactory Dysfunction as a Sequela of SARS-CoV-2 Infection" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.0196.v1
Abstract
At present Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is one of the leading contributing factor to mortality and the impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the sinonasal tract has become more prominent, particularly with the rising awareness of olfactory dysfunction (OD). We extracted data from published papers available in electronic databases (Wiley online library, PubMed, and Nature). We used the following search terms alone or with combinations - Olfactory dysfunction, SARS-CoV-2, mechanism and treatments. We found worldwide up to 98% of patients confirmed OD due to COVID-19. Current studies have implied that regardless of the high self-reported recovery rate, 25–40% of patients after 1 or 2 months and approximately 15%–28% of patients at six months struggle to fully restore their sense of smell. Moreover, female sex, younger and older age, active smoking, and chronic lung disease are reported as the associated risk factors of OD. Although the pathophysiological mechanism of action(s) of the OD is yet to be explored in depth, central nervous system (CNS) entrance, olfactory bulb (OB) and sustentacular cell damage, neural routes inflammation, non-neuronal cells damage, decreased OB volume and deregulation of olfactory receptor genes are among the commonly reported mechanisms for the development of OD.
Biology and Life Sciences, Neuroscience and Neurology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
