Pereira, A.G.C.; Palácios, R.; Santos, P.C.R.; Pereira, R.V.S.; Cirino, G.; Imbiriba, B. Relationship between El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Atmospheric Aerosols in the Legal Amazon. Climate2024, 12, 13.
Pereira, A.G.C.; Palácios, R.; Santos, P.C.R.; Pereira, R.V.S.; Cirino, G.; Imbiriba, B. Relationship between El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Atmospheric Aerosols in the Legal Amazon. Climate 2024, 12, 13.
Pereira, A.G.C.; Palácios, R.; Santos, P.C.R.; Pereira, R.V.S.; Cirino, G.; Imbiriba, B. Relationship between El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Atmospheric Aerosols in the Legal Amazon. Climate2024, 12, 13.
Pereira, A.G.C.; Palácios, R.; Santos, P.C.R.; Pereira, R.V.S.; Cirino, G.; Imbiriba, B. Relationship between El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Atmospheric Aerosols in the Legal Amazon. Climate 2024, 12, 13.
Abstract
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) stands as the paramount tropical phenomenon of climatic magnitude resulting from ocean-atmosphere interaction. Due to its atmospheric teleconnection mechanism, ENSO wields influence over diverse environmental variables spanning distinct atmospheric scales, thereby potentially impacting the spatiotemporal distribution of atmospheric aerosols. Within this framework, this study aims to appraise the relationship between ENSO and atmospheric aerosols across the Legal Amazon during the period between 2006 and 2011. Over this quinquennium, four ENSO events were identified. Concurrently, an analysis was conducted on the spatiotemporal variability of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and AOD extinction for Black Carbon (EAOD-BC), concomitant with said ENSO events, utilizing data derived from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), MERRA-2 model, and ERSSTV5. Through the Windowed Cross Correlation (WCC) approach, statistically significant phase lags of up to 4 to 6 months were observed between ENSO indicators and atmospheric aerosols. Moreover, conspicuous increases of over 100% in atmospheric aerosol concentration were evidenced subsequent to El Niño periods, especially during the intervals encompassing the La Niña phase, particularly within the La Niña CP (Central Pacific)/Modoki category. By analyzing specific humidity anomalies (QA), exceptional scenarios in the region were detectable. This observation suggests a notable singularity when juxtaposed with antecedent investigations and typical average patterns characterizing the impacts on the Amazonian region.
Keywords
Aerosol; ENSO; Black Carbon; Remote Sensing; Amazon
Subject
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science and Meteorology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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