Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

The Effect of Temperature on the Embryo Development of Sepiella japonica Suggests Crosstalk Between Autophagy and Apoptosis

Yifan Liu
ORCID logo ,
Long Chen
,
Fang Meng
,
Tao Zhang
,
Jun Luo
,
Shuang Chen
,
Huilai Shi
,
Zhenming Lv
,
Bingjian Liu
*
Version 1 : Received: 26 September 2023 / Approved: 27 September 2023 / Online: 28 September 2023 (03:09:41 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Liu, Y.; Chen, L.; Meng, F.; Zhang, T.; Luo, J.; Chen, S.; Shi, H.; Liu, B.; Lv, Z. The Effect of Temperature on the Embryo Development of Cephalopod Sepiella japonica Suggests Crosstalk between Autophagy and Apoptosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 15365. Liu, Y.; Chen, L.; Meng, F.; Zhang, T.; Luo, J.; Chen, S.; Shi, H.; Liu, B.; Lv, Z. The Effect of Temperature on the Embryo Development of Cephalopod Sepiella japonica Suggests Crosstalk between Autophagy and Apoptosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 15365.

Abstract

Temperature is a crucial environmental factor that affects embryonic development, particularly for marine organisms with long embryonic development periods. However, the sensitive period of embryonic development and the role of autophagy/apoptosis in temperature regulation in cephalopods, enigmatic creatures, remain unclear. In this study, we cultured embryos of Sepiella japonica, a typical species in the local area of the East China Sea, at different incubation temperatures (18 ℃, 23 ℃, and 28 ℃) to investigate various developmental aspects, including morphological and histological characteristics, mortality rates, the duration of embryonic development, and expression patterns of autophagy-related genes (LC3, BECN1, Inx4) and apoptosis marker genes (Cas3, p53) at 25 developmental stages. Our findings indicate that embryos in the high-temperature (28 ℃) group had significantly higher mortality and embryonic malformation rates than those in the low-temperature (18 ℃) group. Furthermore, high temperature (28 ℃) shortened the duration of embryonic development by 7 days compared to the optimal temperature (23 ℃), while low temperature (18 ℃) caused a delay of 9 days. Therefore, embryos of S. japonica were more intolerant to high temperatures (28 ℃), emphasizing the critical importance of maintaining an appropriate incubation temperature (approximately 23 ℃). Additionally, our study observed, for the first time, that the Early blastula, Blastopore closure, and Optic vesicle to Caudal end stages were the most sensitive stages. During these periods, abnormalities in the expression of autophagy-related and apoptosis-related genes were associated with higher rates of mortality and malformations, highlighting the strong correlation and potential interaction between autophagy and apoptosis in embryonic development under varying temperature conditions.

Keywords

embryonic development; temperature; autophagy; apoptosis; Sepiella japonica

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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