Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Factors Influencing Attitudes of University Students towards ChatGPT and its Usage: A Multi-National Study Validating the TAME-ChatGPT Survey Instrument

Maram Abdaljaleel
ORCID logo ,
Muna Barakat
ORCID logo ,
Mariam Alsanafi
ORCID logo ,
Nesreen A. Salim
ORCID logo ,
Husam Abazid
ORCID logo ,
Diana Malaeb
,
Ali Haider Mohammed
,
Bassam Abdul Rasool Hassan
,
Abdulrasool M. Wayyes
,
Sinan Subhi Farhan
,
Sami El Khatib
ORCID logo ,
Mohamad Rahal
ORCID logo ,
Ali Sahban
,
Doaa H. Abdelaziz
,
Noha O. Mansour
ORCID logo ,
Reem AlZayer
,
Roaa Khalil
,
Feten Fekih-Romdhane
ORCID logo ,
Rabih Hallit
,
Souheil Hallit
ORCID logo ,
Malik Sallam
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 21 September 2023 / Approved: 22 September 2023 / Online: 22 September 2023 (08:39:44 CEST)

How to cite: Abdaljaleel, M.; Barakat, M.; Alsanafi, M.; Salim, N.A.; Abazid, H.; Malaeb, D.; Mohammed, A.H.; Hassan, B.A.R.; Wayyes, A.M.; Farhan, S.S.; El Khatib, S.; Rahal, M.; Sahban, A.; Abdelaziz, D.H.; Mansour, N.O.; AlZayer, R.; Khalil, R.; Fekih-Romdhane, F.; Hallit, R.; Hallit, S.; Sallam, M. Factors Influencing Attitudes of University Students towards ChatGPT and its Usage: A Multi-National Study Validating the TAME-ChatGPT Survey Instrument. Preprints 2023, 2023091541. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1541.v1 Abdaljaleel, M.; Barakat, M.; Alsanafi, M.; Salim, N.A.; Abazid, H.; Malaeb, D.; Mohammed, A.H.; Hassan, B.A.R.; Wayyes, A.M.; Farhan, S.S.; El Khatib, S.; Rahal, M.; Sahban, A.; Abdelaziz, D.H.; Mansour, N.O.; AlZayer, R.; Khalil, R.; Fekih-Romdhane, F.; Hallit, R.; Hallit, S.; Sallam, M. Factors Influencing Attitudes of University Students towards ChatGPT and its Usage: A Multi-National Study Validating the TAME-ChatGPT Survey Instrument. Preprints 2023, 2023091541. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.1541.v1

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based models hold the potential to transform higher education if adopted properly and ethically. A prime example is ChatGPT with earlier studies indicating its widespread adoption in academia and by university students. The current study aimed to identify the factors influencing the attitude towards ChatGPT and its usage among university students in Arab countries. A previous survey instrument termed Technology Acceptance Model Edited to Assess ChatGPT Adoption (TAME-ChatGPT) was administered online using a convenience-based approach among the contacts of the authors. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for the survey constructs was done using root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), comparative fit index (CFI), and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI). The final study sample comprised a total of 2240 participant divided as follows: Iraq (n=736, 32.9%), Kuwait (n=582, 26.0%), Egypt (n=417, 18.6%), Lebanon (n=263, 11.7%), and Jordan (n=242, 10.8%). A total of 1048 respondents heard of ChatGPT before the study (46.8%), of which 551 used ChatGPT (52.6%). The mean scores of TAME-ChatGPT constructs showed that the ease of ChatGPT use, positive attitude towards technology and social influence, higher perceived usefulness, the influence of behavioral/cognitive factors, low perceived risks and low anxiety were the determinants of positive attitude to ChatGPT and its use. For both the attitude and usage scales of TAME-ChatGPT, CFA collectively yielded satisfactory fit indices as indicated by low RMSEA and SRMR together with high CFI and TLI. Multivariate analysis showed that attitude to ChatGPT use was significantly influenced by country of residence, age, university type, and the latest grade point average of the students. The current study confirmed the validity of TAME-ChatGPT as a survey instrument to assess the possible determinants of ChatGPT use among university students in Arab countries. The study findings highlighted that successful adoption of ChatGPT in higher education could be dependent on perceived ease of use, usefulness, positive attitudes to technology, social influence, behavioral/cognitive factors, lower anxiety, and minimal perceived risks. The utility of ChatGPT in higher education requires policies that should be tailored for various settings, considering the differences observed in attitude towards ChatGPT among participating students in this study.

Keywords

higher education; technology acceptance; generative pre-trained transformer; curriculum design; academia

Subject

Social Sciences, Education

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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