On the interpretation of cosmic acceleration

Enrique Gaztanaga

doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0873.v2

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preprints.org > physical sciences > astronomy and astrophysics > doi: 10.20944/preprints202309.0873.v2

Preprint Article Version 2 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

On the interpretation of cosmic acceleration

Enrique Gaztanaga

Version 1 : Received: 7 September 2023 / Approved: 13 September 2023 / Online: 13 September 2023 (10:05:21 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 18 September 2023 / Approved: 18 September 2023 / Online: 25 September 2023 (04:49:46 CEST)
Version 3 : Received: 6 January 2024 / Approved: 8 January 2024 / Online: 8 January 2024 (06:37:58 CET)
Version 4 : Received: 27 January 2024 / Approved: 29 January 2024 / Online: 29 January 2024 (04:48:12 CET)
Version 5 : Received: 11 April 2024 / Approved: 11 April 2024 / Online: 12 April 2024 (04:53:47 CEST)
Version 6 : Received: 28 June 2024 / Approved: 1 July 2024 / Online: 1 July 2024 (08:12:07 CEST)
Version 7 : Received: 16 August 2024 / Approved: 20 August 2024 / Online: 21 August 2024 (13:38:50 CEST)
Version 8 : Received: 4 September 2024 / Approved: 9 September 2024 / Online: 9 September 2024 (11:22:34 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Gaztanaga, E. On the Interpretation of Cosmic Acceleration. Symmetry 2024, 16, 1141, doi:10.3390/sym16091141. Gaztanaga, E. On the Interpretation of Cosmic Acceleration. Symmetry 2024, 16, 1141, doi:10.3390/sym16091141.

Abstract

We argue here that deceleration (and not acceleration) is the correct interpretation for current measurements of cosmic expansion. The concept of cosmic acceleration, $q$, that we commonly used is based in the comoving distance. This is a 3D space-like coordinate, which corresponds to distance between events that can not be observed and are not causally related. For a correct interpretation, cosmic expansion should be measured using the distance between (4D null) causal events. This is implemented here using a new definition, $q_E$, for cosmic acceleration. We present a comparison of $q_E$ and $q$ in data from supernovae (SN) and radial galaxy/QSO clustering (BAO). The standard $q$ analysis reproduces the known tension between SN and BAO. This tension disappears for $q_E$, indicating that that observations follow better our new definition. Data indicates that cosmic expansion is clearly decelerating and cosmic events are trapped inside an Event Horizon, like in the interior of a Black Hole (BH). Rather than a new form of dark energy or modified Gravity, $\Lambda$ acts as a boundary force that causes friction, i.e. an attractive force, similar to a rubber band that prevents further expansion.

Keywords

Cosmology: Dark Energy, General Relativity, Black Holes, Cosmological Constant

Subject

Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Comments (1)

Comment 1

Received: 25 September 2023
Commenter: Enrique Gaztanaga
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author

Comment: Minor changes to some eording and typos

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