Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

AI-Enhanced Analysis Reveals Impact of Maternal Diabetes on Subcutaneous Fat Mass in Fetuses Without Growth Alterations

Hector Borboa-Olivares
* ,
Johnatan Torres-Torres
ORCID logo ,
Arturo Flores-Pliego
ORCID logo ,
Aurora Espejel-Nuñez
,
Ignacio Camcho-Arroyo
,
Mario Guzman-Huerta
,
Otilia Perichart-Perera
,
Omar Piña-Ramirez
* ORCID logo ,
Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez
*
Version 1 : Received: 7 September 2023 / Approved: 8 September 2023 / Online: 11 September 2023 (13:47:25 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Borboa-Olivares, H.; Torres-Torres, J.; Flores-Pliego, A.; Espejel-Nuñez, A.; Camacho-Arroyo, I.; Guzman-Huerta, M.; Perichart-Perera, O.; Piña-Ramirez, O.; Estrada-Gutierrez, G. AI-Enhanced Analysis Reveals Impact of Maternal Diabetes on Subcutaneous Fat Mass in Fetuses without Growth Alterations. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 6485. Borboa-Olivares, H.; Torres-Torres, J.; Flores-Pliego, A.; Espejel-Nuñez, A.; Camacho-Arroyo, I.; Guzman-Huerta, M.; Perichart-Perera, O.; Piña-Ramirez, O.; Estrada-Gutierrez, G. AI-Enhanced Analysis Reveals Impact of Maternal Diabetes on Subcutaneous Fat Mass in Fetuses without Growth Alterations. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 6485.

Abstract

Pregnant women with diabetes often present impaired fetal growth, which is less common if maternal diabetes is well-controlled. However, developing strategies to estimate fetal body composition beyond fetal growth that could better predict metabolic complications later in life is essential. This study aimed to evaluate subcutaneous fat tissue (femur and humerus) in fetuses with normal growth among pregnant women with well-controlled diabetes using a reproducible 3D-ultrasound tool and offline TUI (Tomographic Ultrasound Imaging) analysis. Additionally, three artificial intelligence classifier models were trained and validated to assess the clinical utility of the fetal subcutaneous fat measurement. A significantly larger subcutaneous fat area was found in three-femur and two-humerus selected segments of fetuses from women with diabetes compared to the healthy pregnant control group. The full classifier model that includes subcutaneous fat measure, gestational age, fetal weight, fetal abdominal circumference, maternal body mass index, and fetal weight percentile as variables, showed the best performance, with a detection rate of 70%, considering a false positive rate of 10%, and a positive predictive value of 82%. These findings provide valuable insights into the impact of maternal diabetes on fetal subcutaneous fat tissue as a variable independent of fetal growth.

Keywords

diabetes and pregnancy, ultrasound evaluation, fetal subcutaneous fat mass

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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