Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Differential Responders of a Mixed Meal Tolerance Test Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors and Gut Microbiota- Data from the MEDGI-Carb Randomized Controlled Trial

Viktor Skantze
* ORCID logo ,
Therese Hjorth
* ,
Mikael Wallman
,
Carl Brunius
,
Johan Dicksved
,
Erik Pelve
,
Anders Esberg
ORCID logo ,
Marilena Vitale
ORCID logo ,
Rosalba Giacco
,
Giuseppina Costabile
ORCID logo ,
Robert E. Bergia
ORCID logo ,
Mats Jirstrand
ORCID logo ,
Wayne W Campbell
ORCID logo ,
Gabriele Riccardi
ORCID logo ,
Rikard Landberg
Version 1 : Received: 6 September 2023 / Approved: 6 September 2023 / Online: 7 September 2023 (11:38:56 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Skantze, V.; Hjorth, T.; Wallman, M.; Brunius, C.; Dicksved, J.; Pelve, E.A.; Esberg, A.; Vitale, M.; Giacco, R.; Costabile, G.; Bergia, R.E.; Jirstrand, M.; Campbell, W.W.; Riccardi, G.; Landberg, R. Differential Responders to a Mixed Meal Tolerance Test Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors and Gut Microbiota—Data from the MEDGI-Carb Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023, 15, 4369. Skantze, V.; Hjorth, T.; Wallman, M.; Brunius, C.; Dicksved, J.; Pelve, E.A.; Esberg, A.; Vitale, M.; Giacco, R.; Costabile, G.; Bergia, R.E.; Jirstrand, M.; Campbell, W.W.; Riccardi, G.; Landberg, R. Differential Responders to a Mixed Meal Tolerance Test Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors and Gut Microbiota—Data from the MEDGI-Carb Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023, 15, 4369.

Abstract

The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has surged in recent decades and the identification of differential glycemic responders can aid tailored treatment for prevention of pre-diabetes and T2DM. A mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) based on regular foods offers potential to uncover differential responders in dynamical postprandial events. We aimed to fit a simple mathematical model on dynamic postprandial glucose data from repeated MMTTs among partic-ipants with elevated T2DM risk, to identify response clusters and investigate their association with T2DM risk factors and gut microbiota. Data were used from a 12-week multi-center dietary inter-vention trial involving high-risk T2DM adults, comparing high- versus low-glycemic index foods within a Mediterranean diet context (MEDGICarb). Model-based analysis of MMTTs from 155 participants (81 females, 74 males) revealed two distinct plasma glucose response clusters that were associated with baseline gut microbiota. Cluster A, inversely associated with HbA1c and waist circumference and directly with insulin sensitivity, exhibited a contrasting profile to cluster B. Findings imply that a standardized breakfast MMTT using regular foods could effectively distin-guish non-diabetic individuals at varying risk levels for T2DM using a simple mechanistic model.

Keywords

Differential responders; Clustering; Personalized nutrition; Type 2 diabetes

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Food Science and Technology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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