Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Neurologic Injury and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Version 1 : Received: 31 August 2023 / Approved: 1 September 2023 / Online: 4 September 2023 (15:39:56 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Gillam, W.; Godbole, N.; Sangam, S.; DeTommaso, A.; Foreman, M.; Lucke-Wold, B. Neurologic Injury-Related Predisposing Factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Critical Examination. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2732. Gillam, W.; Godbole, N.; Sangam, S.; DeTommaso, A.; Foreman, M.; Lucke-Wold, B. Neurologic Injury-Related Predisposing Factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Critical Examination. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2732.

Abstract

The present review aimed to identify through what means neurologic injury can predispose individuals to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In recent years, comprehensive studies have helped to clarify which structures in the central nervous system (CNS) that, when damaged, lead to distinct PTSD symptoms–namely dissociative reactions or flashbacks. Our review narrowed its focus to three common neurologic injuries including traumatic brain injury (TBI), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and stroke. Beyond discussing the potential mechanisms by which neurotrauma may lead to PTSD, we summarized our current understanding of the pathophysiology of the disorder and discussed predicted associations between the limbic system and PTSD. In particular, the role of noradrenergic neuromodulatory signaling on the HPA axis as it pertains to fear memory recall needs to be further explored to better understand its effects on limbic structures in PTSD patients. This paper also described how damage to the CNS can alter the function of the limbic system and result in characteristic symptoms of PTSD like intrusive memories and acute psychological distress. Further, our review intended to draw attention to a lack of PTSD prognosis in TBI, SAH, and stroke patients who could benefit from early treatment. PTSD symptoms often compound with pre-existing issues further deteriorating health outcomes for these patients. It is ultimately our goal to clarify the relationship between neurotrauma and PTSD such that earlier diagnoses and appropriate treatment are observed in clinic.

Keywords

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, neurologic injury, traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Neurology

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