Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Title The Role of the Oxidative State and Innate Immunity Mediated by TLR7 and TLR9 in Lupus Nephritis

Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz
* ,
Raquel Echavarría
,
Ernesto German Cardona-Muñoz
ORCID logo ,
Pablo Ortiz-Lazareno
ORCID logo ,
Jorge Andrade-Sierra
ORCID logo ,
Luis Francisco Gómez-Hermosillo
,
Jorge Casillas-Moreno
,
Tannia Isabel Campos-Bayardo
,
Daniel Román-Rojas
ORCID logo ,
Andrés García-Sánchez
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 24 August 2023 / Approved: 25 August 2023 / Online: 25 August 2023 (11:53:20 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Echavarria, R.; Cardona-Muñoz, E.G.; Ortiz-Lazareno, P.; Andrade-Sierra, J.; Gómez-Hermosillo, L.F.; Casillas-Moreno, J.; Campos-Bayardo, T.I.; Román-Rojas, D.; García-Sánchez, A.; Miranda-Díaz, A.G. The Role of the Oxidative State and Innate Immunity Mediated by TLR7 and TLR9 in Lupus Nephritis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 15234. Echavarria, R.; Cardona-Muñoz, E.G.; Ortiz-Lazareno, P.; Andrade-Sierra, J.; Gómez-Hermosillo, L.F.; Casillas-Moreno, J.; Campos-Bayardo, T.I.; Román-Rojas, D.; García-Sánchez, A.; Miranda-Díaz, A.G. The Role of the Oxidative State and Innate Immunity Mediated by TLR7 and TLR9 in Lupus Nephritis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 15234.

Abstract

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is considered one of the leading causes of mortality. Multiple immunological pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE, which makes it imperative to deepen our knowledge about this disease's immunopathological complexity and explore new therapeutic targets. Since an altered redox state contributes to immune system dysregulation, this document briefly addresses the role of oxidative stress (OS), oxidative DNA damage, antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial function, and mitophagy in SLE and LN. Although adaptive immunity's participation in the development of autoimmunity is undeniable, increasing data emphasize the importance of innate immunity elements, particularly the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize nucleic acid ligands, in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Here, we discuss the intriguing role of TLR7 and TLR9 in developing SLE and LN. Also included are the essential characteristics of conventional treatments and some other novel and little-explored alternatives that offer options to improve renal function in LN.

Keywords

systemic lupus erythematosus; lupus nephritis; antioxidants; oxidative stress; DNA damage; mitochondrial function; mitophagy

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Medicine and Pharmacology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Download PDF

Comments (0)

We encourage comments and feedback from a broad range of readers. See criteria for comments and our Diversity statement.

Leave a public comment
Send a private comment to the author(s)
* All users must log in before leaving a comment
Views 0
Downloads 0
Comments 0
Metrics 0
Get PDF Cite Share 0
Bookmark BibSonomy Mendeley Reddit Delicious
×
Alerts
Notify me about updates to this article or when a peer-reviewed version is published.
We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.
Read more about our cookies here.