Lou, K.-H.; Tsai, M.-S.; Wu, J.-Y. Investigating the Microwave-Assisted Extraction Conditions and Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Capacities of Symphytum officinale WL Leaves. Processes2023, 11, 2750.
Lou, K.-H.; Tsai, M.-S.; Wu, J.-Y. Investigating the Microwave-Assisted Extraction Conditions and Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Capacities of Symphytum officinale WL Leaves. Processes 2023, 11, 2750.
Lou, K.-H.; Tsai, M.-S.; Wu, J.-Y. Investigating the Microwave-Assisted Extraction Conditions and Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Capacities of Symphytum officinale WL Leaves. Processes2023, 11, 2750.
Lou, K.-H.; Tsai, M.-S.; Wu, J.-Y. Investigating the Microwave-Assisted Extraction Conditions and Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Capacities of Symphytum officinale WL Leaves. Processes 2023, 11, 2750.
Abstract
The root extracts of Symphytum officinale (comfrey) are commonly used in traditional medicine to treat muscle, joint, skin and bone disorders. However, little information is available on the biomedical functions of comfrey leaves. In this study, sequencing results of Internal Transcribed Spacer and trnL-trnF genes showed that plants purchased from the local market were comfrey and named as S. officinale WL (WL). The optimal extraction conditions of WL leave with the highest extract yield and contents of total phenols and flavonoids by microwave-assisted extraction were identified. The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities and possible molecular mechanism(s) of the WL leaf extract (WLE) were evaluated. Furthermore, the major component of WLE was identified as rosmarinic acid by HPLC. Results showed that the optimal extract condition was obtained with 750W microwave power, 50℃, 75% methanol, the solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:10, and 15 minutes. Results of all DPPH, ABTS and superoxide radical scavenging activities, reducing power, ferrous ion chelating activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power showed high antioxidative capacities of WLE. Furthermore, WLE showed obvious DNA protecting activity. WLE attenuated lipopolysaccharides-stimulated inflammation by suppressing iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expressions in RAW264.7 macrophages. These attenuations involved in inactivations of lipopolysaccharides-induced NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Medicine and Pharmacology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
