Haug, E.G. The Extremal Universe Exact Solution from Einstein’s Field Equation Gives the Cosmological Constant Directly. Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024, 10, 386–397, doi:10.4236/jhepgc.2024.101027.
Haug, E.G. The Extremal Universe Exact Solution from Einstein’s Field Equation Gives the Cosmological Constant Directly. Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024, 10, 386–397, doi:10.4236/jhepgc.2024.101027.
Haug, E.G. The Extremal Universe Exact Solution from Einstein’s Field Equation Gives the Cosmological Constant Directly. Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024, 10, 386–397, doi:10.4236/jhepgc.2024.101027.
Haug, E.G. The Extremal Universe Exact Solution from Einstein’s Field Equation Gives the Cosmological Constant Directly. Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024, 10, 386–397, doi:10.4236/jhepgc.2024.101027.
Abstract
Einstein’s field equation is a highly general equation. However, the equation itself provides limited information about the universe unless it is solved with different boundary conditions. Multiple solutions have been utilized to predict cosmic scales, and among them, the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker solution that is the back-bone of the development into todays standard model of modern cosmology: the Λ-CDM model. However this is naturally not the only solution to Einsteins field equation. We will investigate the extremal solutions of the Reissner-Nordström, Kerr, and Kerr-Newman metrics. Interestingly, in their extremal cases, these solutions yield identical predictions for horizons and escape velocity. These solutions can be employed to formulate a new cosmological model that resembles the Friedmann equation. However, a significant distinction arises in the extremal universe solution, which does not necessitate the ad hoc insertion of the cosmological constant; instead, it emerges naturally from the derivation itself. To the best of our knowledge, all other solutions relying on the cosmological constant do so by initially ad hoc inserting it into Einstein’s field equation. This clarification unveils the true nature of the cosmological constant, suggesting that it serves as a correction factor for strong gravitational fields, accurately predicting real-world cosmological phenomena only within the extremal solutions of the discussed metrics, all derived strictly from Einstein’s field equation.
Keywords
General relativity theory; cosmological constant extremal solution; Reissner-Nordström; Kerr; Kerr-Newman
Subject
Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
