Sun, G.; Wei, X.; Zhang, D.; Huang, L.; Liu, H.; Fang, H. Immobilization of Enzyme Electrochemical Biosensors and Their Application to Food Bioprocess Monitoring. Biosensors2023, 13, 886.
Sun, G.; Wei, X.; Zhang, D.; Huang, L.; Liu, H.; Fang, H. Immobilization of Enzyme Electrochemical Biosensors and Their Application to Food Bioprocess Monitoring. Biosensors 2023, 13, 886.
Sun, G.; Wei, X.; Zhang, D.; Huang, L.; Liu, H.; Fang, H. Immobilization of Enzyme Electrochemical Biosensors and Their Application to Food Bioprocess Monitoring. Biosensors2023, 13, 886.
Sun, G.; Wei, X.; Zhang, D.; Huang, L.; Liu, H.; Fang, H. Immobilization of Enzyme Electrochemical Biosensors and Their Application to Food Bioprocess Monitoring. Biosensors 2023, 13, 886.
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors based on immobilized enzymes are among the most popular and commercially successful biosensors. Literature in this field suggests that modification of electrodes with nanomaterials is an excellent method for enzyme immobilization, which can greatly improve the stability and sensitivity of the sensor. However, the poor stability, weak reproducibility, and limited lifetime of the enzyme itself still limit the requirements for the development of enzyme electrochemical biosensors for food production process monitoring. Therefore, constructing sensing technologies based on enzyme electrochemical biosensors remains a great challenge. This article outlines the construction principles of four generations of enzyme electrochemical biosensors and discusses the applications of single-enzyme systems, multi-enzyme systems and nano-enzyme systems developed based on these principles. The article further describes methods to improve enzyme immobilisation by combining different types of nanomaterials such as metals and their oxides, graphene-related materials, metal-organic frameworks, carbon nanotubes and conducting polymers. In addition, the article highlights the challenges and future trends of enzyme electrochemical biosensors, providing theoretical support and future perspectives for further research and development of high-performance enzyme chemical biosensors.
Keywords
electrochemical biosensors; enzyme immobilisation; nanomaterials; Food analysis; Process monitoring
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Food Science and Technology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
