Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Environmental Endocrinology: Parabens Hazardous Effects on HPT Axis

Damáris Barcelos Cunha Azeredo
ORCID logo ,
Denilson de Sousa Anselmo
* ORCID logo ,
Paula Soares
ORCID logo ,
Jones Bernardes Graceli
,
D'Angelo Carlo Magliano
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Version 1 : Received: 10 August 2023 / Approved: 15 August 2023 / Online: 15 August 2023 (07:47:57 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Azeredo, D.B.C.; de Sousa Anselmo, D.; Soares, P.; Graceli, J.B.; Magliano, D.C.; Miranda-Alves, L. Environmental Endocrinology: Parabens Hazardous Effects on Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 15246. Azeredo, D.B.C.; de Sousa Anselmo, D.; Soares, P.; Graceli, J.B.; Magliano, D.C.; Miranda-Alves, L. Environmental Endocrinology: Parabens Hazardous Effects on Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 15246.

Abstract

Parabens are classified as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), capable of interfering with the normal functioning of the thyroid, affecting the proper regulation of the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (TH) which is controlled by hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT). Given the crucial role of these hormones in health and the growing evidence of diseases related to thyroid dysfunction, this review looks at the effects of paraben exposure on the thyroid. In this study, we considered research carried out in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies published between 1951 and 2023, which demonstrated an association between exposure to parabens and dysfunctions of the HPT axis. In humans, exposure to parabens appears to increase thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, while in rodents, exposure decreases TSH levels. The effects on HT levels are also poorly described, as well as peripheral metabolism. Regardless, recent studies have shown different actions between different subtypes of parabens on the HPT axis, which allows us to speculate that the mechanism of action of these parabens is different. Furthermore, studies of exposure to parabens are more evident in women than in men. Therefore, future studies are needed to clarify the effects of exposure to parabens and their mechanisms of action on this axis.

Keywords

parabens; toxicity; thyroid; HPT axis; TSH; TH; hormone

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Endocrinology and Metabolism

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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